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Economic Studies about Governances in Computerized Society

关于计算机化社会治理的经济学研究

基本信息

批准号：
10430003
负责人：
FUJIWARA Masahiro
金额：
$ 6.53万
依托单位：
THE UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Information technologies represented by the internet have advanced in recent years.In this research, we analyze the influence of the development of information technology on governances of economic tradings with economical methods such as economics of information, economics of organization, mechanism design, game theory etc...We held meetings repeatedly, and found the ways that the information technologies can affect economic activities and economic organizations. We can summarize the points as follows :1.Advances of Information Technologies and Corporate GovernanceSince the information technologies have advanced rapidly, one can get more information than ever, and can process one's information less costly. So it is easy to monitor other people's actions and to manage organizations where people act voluntarily. e.g. NPO, NGO, etc...2. Architecture and ModularizationIt is possible to modularize each division of labor by standardizing interfaces which conform to an open architecture. Thereby, one can introduce the market principle among the divisions of labor and can obtain more decentralized system.3.Modularization and StandardizationModularize means both bundling and capsulization, on the other hand open movement means standardization of interfaces. Given architecture, capsulization may be appeared to get the most efficient systems.4.DigitizeSince digitization of commodities and services have advanced, it is easy to get another copy of such commodities or services. Then one cannot reimburse initial cost and he/she has no incentives to supply such commodities and/or services ex ante. So it is important how we can resolve this contradiction.5. CoordinationDue to the advances of information technologies, one can coordinate each other more easily with the aid of computer programmings.

近年来，以互联网为代表的信息技术迅猛发展，本文运用信息经济学、组织经济学、机制设计、博弈论等经济学方法，分析了信息技术的发展对经济交易治理的影响。我们多次召开会议，发现信息技术如何影响经济活动和经济组织。我们可以总结如下几点：1.信息技术与公司治理的进步由于信息技术的迅速发展，人们可以获得比以往更多的信息，并且可以以更低的成本处理信息。因此，监督他人的行为和管理人们自愿行动的组织是很容易的。例如NPO、NGO等。2.架构和模块化通过标准化符合开放架构的接口，可以将每个分工模块化。因此，可以在分工中引入市场原则，获得更加分散的系统。3.模块化和标准化模块化意味着捆绑和封装，另一方面开放运动意味着接口的标准化。鉴于架构，封装可能会获得最有效的系统。4.数字化由于商品和服务的数字化已经取得进展，很容易获得此类商品或服务的另一个副本。这样，就无法偿还初始成本，也就没有动力事先提供这些商品和/或服务。因此，如何解决这一矛盾是很重要的。协调由于资讯科技的进步，在电脑程式的协助下，彼此间的协调更为容易。