Wind speed measurements at up to 500m altitude using Doppler sodars and effects of terrain roughness on wind speed profiles

使用两套或三套多普勒声雷达以不同的组合在不同地点进行风速测量：南町田（郊区住宅区）、平冢市（低层城区）、高滨台（海岸）、台场（海湾地区）、越中岛（城区）、南千住（高密度住宅区）和厚木（中层城区）。详细研究了平均风速廓线和湍流强度的测量方法、高度修正方法和噪声影响评估，以提高测量精度。在高达500m高度的不同地形粗糙度地面上形成的大气边界层风方面获得了各种重要结果。还使用两个不同的风洞进行了物理模型研究。制作了两个地面粗糙度模型，对高滨台和平冢市之间 8 公里范围内以及台场、越中岛和南千住之间 12 公里范围内的建筑物进行几何模拟。对风洞模拟中的回波模拟尺度大气边界层的开发进行了检查，并与全尺度结果进行了比较。还利用高滨台和平冢市之间以及台场、越中岛和南千住之间的地面建筑物数字数据库，使用 Maruyama 编码的 k-ε 模型进行了数值模拟。计算了平均风速和湍流强度的空间分布，并与风洞实验和全尺寸数据进行了比较。三年来，利用多普勒声雷达在7个不同地点、海拔不超过500m的大气边界层风进行了综合研究，风洞研究和数值模拟为准确评估各种地形类别的设计风速提供了新的知识和信息。

Wind speed measurements using two or three sets of Doppler sodars were conducted with different combinations at various sites : Minami-Machida (a suburban residential area), Hiratsuka City (a low-rise urban area), Takahamadai (a sea shore), Odaiba (a bay area), Etchujima (an urban area), Minamisenju (a high density residential area) and Atsugi (a middle-rise urban area). Methods of measuring mean wind speed profiles and turbulence intensities, height correction methods and noise effect evaluations were examined in detail to improve measurement accuracy.Various important results were obtained on atmospheric boundary layer winds developed over ground with different terrain roughnesses at up to 500m altitude.Physical model studies were also conducted using two different wind tunnels. Two ground roughness models were made that geometrically simulated buildings in the range of 8km between Takahamadai and Hiratsuka City, and 12km between Odaiba , Etchujima and Minamisenju. Development of the model scale atmospheric boundary layers for fetches simulated in the wind tunnels were examined and compared with full-scale results.Numerical simulations using the k-ε model coded by Maruyama were also conducted using the digital database of buildings on the ground between Takahamadai and Hiratsuka City, and between Odaiba, Etchujima and Minamisenju. The spatial distributions of the mean wind speed and turbulence intensities were calculated and compared with the wind tunnel experiments and full-scale data.Three years of comprehensive studies of atmospheric boundary layer winds using Doppler sodars at seven different sites of up to 500m altitude, wind tunnel studies and numerical simulations provided new knowledge and information that was useful for the accurate evaluation of the design wind speed for various terrain categories.