Universal equivalent static wind load distributions reproducing maximum load effects for all structural members

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The universal equivalent static wind load that reproduces the maximum wind load effects of all structural members was studied. Multi-channel simultaneous fluctuating pressure measurements were made for various types of structures such as long-span cantilevered roofs, dome roofs, high-rise buildings and so on in a boundary-layer wind tunnel. Time-domain response analyses were conducted based on the FEM models of structures, and the maximum wind load effects such as axial forces, shear forces or bending moments in all members were extracted. The universal equivalent static wind load distribution was derived using the eigenvectors of the POD analysis of the fluctuating pressure field and coefficients obtained by a singular value decomposition. The method was then applied to a long-span cantilevered roof structures and others, and some examples of the universal equivalent static wind load distributions were obtained and stored as a database. The method was extended to apply to the cases of … More the maximum wind load effects including a resonant component. One of the difficult problems to solve was the combination of the signs of the maximum and minimum load effects. In some cases, the obtained universal equivalent static wind load distributions could be irregular and unnatural, which seemed to be inappropriate for general application. It was found that the signs of the largest load effects could be determined from the POD eigen-modes of the internal forces and that the obtained universal equivalent static wind load distributions were smooth and natural. Largest load effects estimated by the time history response analyses were compared with those reproduced by the GLF method, the LRC method and the universal equivalent static wind load method. The largest load effects estimated by the GLF method and the LRC method vary widely from the actual largest load effects, but those reproduced by the universal equivalent static wind load method showed good agreement with the actual largest load effects in all cases. Less