Drastic Enhancement of the Capacitance of Electrochemical Capacitors with Oxide Electrodes

采用浸涂法制备的Ru-V-O/Ti、Ru-Ca-O/Ti、Ru-Mo-O/Ti电极具有较大的伪电容。当Ru_&lt；40；-V_&lt；60&O/Ti体系在450℃下焙烧时，最大可达350Fg^-1&gt；。扩大氧化物比表面积的各种方法：(1)在浸渍镀液中加入盐催化剂碳酸氢铵，(2)浸渍镀膜法制备二元和三元氧化物，(3)在浸渍镀液中加入稀土元素，然后在焙烧后用酸溶解稀土元素，(4)采用Solt催化剂的溶胶凝胶法，(5)用KOH熔融，然后用质子离子激发，使氧化物转变为喇叭结构。廉价Ti-V-W-O/Ti电极的研制从廉价元素中浸涂的Ti-V-W-O/Ti电极已被发现产生相当高的假正辛烷值，-100Fg^-1。金属氧化物-活性碳复合电极的研制发现，在活性碳电极上负载少量MoO_3可使其伪电容提高约40%(约180Fg^~(-1)~(-1)~(Gt))。

1. Development of Binary Oxide Electrodes with Ru and Less-expensive MetalsThe Ru-V-O/Ti, Ru-Ca-O/Ti, Ru-Mo-O/Ti electrodes prepared by dip-coating method gave large pseudocapacitance. The maximum value was 350 F g^<-1> which was attained with Ru_<40>-V_<60>-O/Ti system calcined at 450℃.2. Development of the Preparation Methods of Large Surface Area-OxidesVarious methods for the enlargement of the surface area of oxides have been developed : (1) Addition of a salt catalyst, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, to the dip-coating solution, (2) Binary and ternary oxide coating by dip-coating method, (3) Addition of a rare earth element to the dip-coating solution followed by dissolution of the rare earth element by acid after calcination, (4) A sol-gel method with a solt catalyst, (5) Transformation of a oxide into laryer structure by melting with KOH followed by ion-exchenge with proton.3. Development of Less-expensive Ti-V-W-O/Ti ElectrodesDip-coated Ti-V-W-O/Ti electrodes from less-expensive elements have been found to give considerably high pseudocapacitane, -100 F g^<-1>.4. Development of Hybrid Electrodes with Metal Oxides and Active CarbonLoading of small amount of MoO_3 on an active carbon electrode has been found to enhance its pseudocapacitance by ca.40 % (ca.180 F g^<-1>).