Development of supercapacitor with hybrid electrodes consisting composites of meso-porous cation and metal oxide

将钴纳米粒子负载在活性碳、碳化丝活性碳和金刚石电极(BDD)上，在氢气气氛中热处理，在这些碳材料上形成了宽度为5~50 nm、直径为5~50 nm的纳米孔和纳米通道。碳材料的这种改性必然导致活性碳比容量的提高，以及通过锚定效应将氧化物颗粒紧密地负载在碳材料上。研究还发现，通过钴颗粒在炭表面的运动，在活性碳表面形成了石墨层。提出了这些石墨层的形成机理模型。活性碳的这种部分石墨化必然导致活性碳的导电性和电容器特性的提高。如果加热条件控制在80 0~10 0 0℃之间，通过在活性碳和掺硼金刚石(BDDS)上负载金属纳米颗粒，可以将金属纳米颗粒(Co，Ni，Pt)半包覆到活性碳的表层。以BDD为测试材料，一方面阐明了金属纳米颗粒在碳材料中的精密刻槽现象，另一方面提高了碳的电容。另一方面，制备了中孔和大孔RuO2。为了将该电容器与微型燃料电池杂化，在电极上电化学浇铸了Ruthen酸纳米片，并试制了微型超级电容器。

Nanoholes and nanochannels of 5-50 nm in widths and diameters, respectively, were created on/in activated carbon, carbonized silk activated carbon and diamond electrode (BDD) through heat-treatment in hydrogen atmosphere after loading of cobalt nanoparticles on these carbon materials. This modification of carbon materials must result in the enhancement of the capacitance of activated carbons and the tight loading of oxide particles on the carbon materials by anchor effect. It was also found that graphite layers were formed on/in activated carbons through the moving of the cobalt particles on the carbon surface. A model for the formation mechanism of these graphite layers was proposed. This partial graphitization of activated carbons must lead to the enhancement of both electric conductivity and capacitor characteristics of activated carbons. If the heating condition was controlled between 800-1000℃, the metal nonoparticles (Co, Ni, Pt) could be half-incorporated into the surface layers of activated carbons by the loading of metal nanoparticles on activated carbons and boron-doped diamonds (BDDs). By using BDD as a test material, both the precise grooving phenomena of carbon materials with metal nanoparticles and the increase of capacitance of carbon were clarified.On the other hand, meso- and macroporous RuO2 were prepared. In order to hybridize the capacitor with micro fuel cells, ruthenic acid nanosheets were electrochemically casted on electrodes, and a micro-super capacitor was constracted with them on a trial basis.