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Study on the Avoidance Response in Asterina pectinifera to Solaster dawsoni

海燕对道索尼叶甲的回避反应研究

基本信息

批准号：
10460094
负责人：
NAMIKOSHI Michio
金额：
$ 4.29万
依托单位：
Tokyo University of Fisheries
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Asterina pectinifera flees from the predator asteroid Solaster dawsoni before contact. This response is called an avoidance reaction. A. pectinifera is the only asteroid among marine fauna, which show the avoidance reaction. Several asteroids, such as Asterias rubens, show an escape response, which refer to the physical contact by the opponent to reject the predation.We have elucidated that the avoidance response in A. pectinifera is induced by biomolecules of S. dawsoni, and in the present research project, we aimed to develop a quantitative bioassay and isolation and purification of bioactive compounds responsible to the avoidance reaction.The bioactivity was quantified by measuring the following items : "lag time before avoidance response", "average speed of evasion", and "distance from the origin". Each item was evaluated by five grades, and the sum of grades of three items were categorized into four intensities of bioactivity (+++, ++, +, and -). A liquid (drip) obtained from S. dawsoni by freeze-thaw procedure elicited the strongest response (+++). The bioactivity of the drip was eliminated by Pronase E treatment. Bioactive substances were remained in the inner solution by the ultra filtration of 30,000. Separation by ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration chromatography, and HPLC revealed that the avoidance response in A. pectinifera elicited by several proteinaceous compounds with molecular weight of around 100,000. As far as we can tell that this is the first report of allelochemicals having such larger molecular weights.In the course of the above study, we found that the aquarium water of A. pectinifera showed remedial and preventive effects on scaly area of human hands. Two polyhydroxysteroids and three steroidal saponins (pectiniosides A, B and C) were isolated as bioactive substances from the water extract of A. pectinifera.

Asterina pectinifera在接触前逃离掠食者小行星Solaster dawsoni。这种反应被称为回避反应。在海洋动物群中，只有A. pectinifera表现出回避反应。一些小行星，如阿斯特里亚斯鲁本斯，表现出逃避反应，这是指对手的身体接触，以拒绝捕食。我们已经阐明了果胶的回避反应是由S. dawsoni的生物分子诱导的，在本研究项目中，我们旨在建立定量的生物测定和分离纯化与回避反应有关的生物活性化合物。生物活性通过测量“躲避反应前的滞后时间”、“平均躲避速度”和“离原点的距离”来量化。每个项目分为五个等级进行评价，三个项目的等级之和分为四个生物活性强度（+++,++,+,-）。冻融法提取的dawsoni液体（滴液）反应最强（+++）。Pronase E处理消除了滴注的生物活性。生物活性物质通过30000级超滤保留在内液中。通过硫酸铵分馏法、凝胶过滤色谱法和高效液相色谱法分离发现，果胶中有几种分子量在10万左右的蛋白类化合物引起回避反应。据我们所知，这是首次报道具有如此大分子量的化感物质。在上述研究过程中，我们发现果胶刺针水族水对人手鳞片区有治疗和预防作用。从果胶水提物中分离得到两种多羟基类固醇和三种甾体皂苷（果胶苷A、B和C）。