Molecular genetics on muscle protein metabolism of domestic animal

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This studies were conducted to clarify 1) genetic control of muscle protein turnover rate and calpain-calpastatin activity of poultry, 2) cloning of calpain and calpastatin genes, 3) expression of calpain and calpastatin genes, and 4) mapping of calpain gene.It was recognized that muscle protein turnover rates differed among breeds and strains, and highly correlated with calpain and calpastatin activities in skeletal muscle of chicken and quail. In the fattening stars of Japanese Black Cattle, the amount of excretion of methylhistidine was differed among sire families. This results suggest that the muscle protein turn over rate are differ among sire families. The cDNA of calpain from muscle of quail was cloned and sequenced (2112bp). The cDNA was composed of 4 domeins like chicken. The identity of quail calpain sequence was 96.8%, 71.4%, 71.3% and 71.6% with chicken, human mouse and cattle., respectively. Although degree of expression of calpain gene in skeletal muscle was differed among quail lines selected for body size, the structure of regulation region of calpain gene were no difference among quail lines. These results suggest that difference in gene expression among quail lines may be caused by hormonal factors. By FISH method, calpain cDNA were mapped on the chromosome No.3. In this research, we could not amplify calpastatin fragment from cDNA of quail muscle.