Mechanistic studies on reproductive toxicity and neurotoxicity of alternatives to chlorofluorocarbons and their risk assessment

(1) 2-溴丙烷雌性生殖毒性研究。Wistar雌性大鼠的实验表明，卵巢功能的破坏是由于原始卵泡及其卵母细胞的凋亡破坏所致。(2) 2-溴丙烷的雄性生殖毒性研究。以Wistar雄性大鼠为实验对象，发现其对精原细胞有主要不良影响，对精母细胞有继发性凋亡作用。Bcl-2的降低和Bax的升高可诱导精原细胞的原发性凋亡，Fas的升高可诱导精母细胞的继发性凋亡。(3) 1-溴丙烷的神经毒性和生殖毒性研究。一项为期12周的Wistar雄性大鼠研究表明，1-溴丙烷具有剂量依赖性神经毒性，并在精子发生的最后一步破坏精子。此外，1-溴丙烷修饰脑sh碱基，降低肌酸激酶活性。(4)溴丙烷工厂工人的量效关系研究。在对2-溴丙烷工厂的调查中，没有发现像韩国病例那样严重的生殖和造血功能破坏。然而，对造血产生不良影响的可能性不能被否定。对1-溴丙烷工厂的调查表明，几十ppm的1-溴丙烷可能损害人体周围神经。

(1) Study on female reproductive toxicity of 2-bromopropane.Experiments using Wistar female rats revealed that disruption of ovary function was due to the destruction through apoptosis of primordial follicle and its oocyte.(2) Study on male reproductive toxicity of 2-bromopropane.The experiments using Wistar male rats revealed the primary adverse effect on spermatogonia and secondary apoptosis of spermatocyte. Decrease in Bcl-2 and increase in Bax were thought to induce primary apoptosis of spermatogonia, and the increase in Fas might induce secondary apoptosis of spermatocyte.(3) Study on neurotoxicity and reproductive toxicity of 1-bromopropane.A twelve-weeks study using Wistar male rats revealed that 1-bromopropane is dose-dependently neurotoxic and disrupts spermiation at the final step of spermatogenesis. In addition, 1-bromopropane modified SH-base in brain and decreased creatine kinase activity.(4) Study on dose-effect relationship in bromopropane factory workers.The investigation of 2-bromopropane factory did not show so severe disruption of reproductive and hematopoietic function as seen in the Korean cases. However, the possibility of adverse effects on hematopoiesis could not be disproved. The investigation of the 1-bromopropane factory showed that 1-bromopropane might impair peripheral nerves in humans at several dozen ppm.