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Development of Safety Evaluation System of Urban Infrastructure from the Viewpoint of Evacuation Behavior of Users

从使用者疏散行为角度构建城市基础设施安全评价体系

基本信息

批准号：
10480086
负责人：
MEGURO Kimiro
金额：
$ 8.51万
依托单位：
University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10480086/
关键词：
Evacuation behavior Disaster countermeasures Safety Design Computer simulation Human behavior Evacuation guidance Urban space Potential model

项目摘要

Issues on structural behavior and/or physical strength of the structures have been main topics in construction of safe urban facilities. With the improvement of engineering technologies and construction materials, strength of the structures, especially in developed countries, has been getting better and better. (Of course, still, we have big problems on pre-code revision structures.) However, to build really safe urban spaces, it is very important to pay attention to the human evacuation behavior as well as structural problems. Especially, when users aren't familiar with the space, its importance becomes much higher. Therefore, the space plan of urban facilities should be designed with proper consideration of users' evacuation safety and efficient evacuation guidance should be provided. To discuss the human behavior, we developed a new computer simulation model in which human evacuation behavior of a lot of evacuees in huge sized facility or space can be easily simulated and situation in disaster and individual personal characteristics of every evacuee can also be considered. In this study, we propose a new philosophy of designing structures, in which urban spaces are designed from the viewpoint of safety of users considering their evacuation behavior. When we apply the proposed model to any existing space, the safety of the space can be evaluated from the viewpoint of human behavior, and also, optimum evacuation guidance can be discussed based on the computer simulation of human evacuation.

结构性能和/或结构的物理强度问题一直是安全城市设施建设的主要议题。随着工程技术和建筑材料的进步，结构的强度越来越高，特别是在发达国家。(Of当然，我们仍然在预代码修订结构上有很大的问题。）然而，要建设真正安全的城市空间，在关注结构问题的同时，也要关注人的疏散行为。特别是当用户不熟悉这个空间时，它的重要性就变得更高了。因此，城市设施的空间规划设计应充分考虑使用者的疏散安全，并提供有效的疏散引导。为了研究人员的疏散行为，我们开发了一种新的计算机仿真模型，该模型可以很容易地模拟大量人员在大型设施或空间中的疏散行为，并且可以考虑灾害中的情况和每个疏散人员的个人特征。在这项研究中，我们提出了一种新的设计理念，其中城市空间的设计从用户的安全考虑他们的疏散行为的观点。当我们将所提出的模型应用到任何现有的空间，空间的安全性可以从人的行为的角度进行评估，也可以讨论最佳疏散指导基于计算机模拟的人员疏散。