Development of Safety Evaluation System of Urban Infrastructure from the Viewpoint of Evacuation Behavior of Users

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Issues on structural behavior and/or physical strength of the structures have been main topics in construction of safe urban facilities. With the improvement of engineering technologies and construction materials, strength of the structures, especially in developed countries, has been getting better and better. (Of course, still, we have big problems on pre-code revision structures.) However, to build really safe urban spaces, it is very important to pay attention to the human evacuation behavior as well as structural problems. Especially, when users aren't familiar with the space, its importance becomes much higher. Therefore, the space plan of urban facilities should be designed with proper consideration of users' evacuation safety and efficient evacuation guidance should be provided. To discuss the human behavior, we developed a new computer simulation model in which human evacuation behavior of a lot of evacuees in huge sized facility or space can be easily simulated and situation in disaster and individual personal characteristics of every evacuee can also be considered. In this study, we propose a new philosophy of designing structures, in which urban spaces are designed from the viewpoint of safety of users considering their evacuation behavior. When we apply the proposed model to any existing space, the safety of the space can be evaluated from the viewpoint of human behavior, and also, optimum evacuation guidance can be discussed based on the computer simulation of human evacuation.