Research on construction of inner-space of learning disabilities by audio-visual stimulation

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A number of children with learning disabilities (LD) are not good at visuomotor control. In this study, we analyzed hand trajectories of reaching movements under rotated visual feedback in subjects with and without LD.Each reaching movement has two components : an "initial impulse" (ballistic movement) and a series of "secondary adjustments" (corrective movement) made subsequently to attain the final target position. In the present study, the error in ballistic movement was determined by measuring the angle between the direction in which the subject started to reach out and the direction of the target (error angle), and the error in corrective movement was determined by the measuring the area between the trajectory and a straight line drawn between the starting point and end point (error area). In the initial movement when the visual field had been rotated 30 deg, error angles were about -30 deg in both the LD and normal groups ; however, the error area was 2.9 cm2 greater in the LD group than in the normal group. The sum of error angles in 10 trials under this condition was significantly higher in the LD group than in the normal group. These results suggested that the LD subjects had worse skills in ballistic movement than did the normal subjects and that adaptation by the LD subjects occurred more slowly than that by the normal subjects.