The development of the theory of the intellect and of the soul in the reception of Aristotle's philosophy in the later middle ages

本研究项目的目的是调查亚里士多德的智力和灵魂理论在高级和晚期学院派哲学时期的接受和解释历史。由于方法论的原因，必须考虑到它在阿拉伯哲学，特别是阿维森纳和阿威罗伊，以及心灵的新柏拉图主义概念，这已经行使了相当大的影响，特别是“自由的causis”，并进一步奥古斯丁的心理概念的人类心灵的解释。通过本研究，在对“灵魂”的阐释史上，可以区分出以下几个阶段和流派：1。13世纪上半叶，亚里斯多德的智力理论已由阿维森纳阐述。解释显示了各种各样的，从否定的代理智力，以其与上帝的认同（牛津学校），在与奥古斯丁的照明理论相结合。2.在最imp 关于我们 从1250年到70年代的重要时期（从介绍“德阿尼玛”作为教学手册在艺术学院在法里斯到它的西班牙语），相互矛盾的解释已经发展：（1）Albertus Nagnus，（2）Sigerus的Brabant，（3）Bonaventura，（4）托马斯阿奎那。虽然，一方面，灵魂-身体-关系已被视为在奥古斯丁的条款，智力和灵魂已被确定，大量的统一sould和身体已posively发展对一个新的形象的人（阿尔贝，阿奎那），从而controntation与阿威罗的新柏拉图理论的统一的智力已担任刺激因素。3.在1280年至1300年的过渡时期，阿威罗主义的智力理论从巴黎转移到帕多瓦和博洛尼亚，在那里，基于智力统一理论的对亚里士多德的统一理解得到了促进。另一方面，在科隆的多米尼加学校，弗赖贝格的迪特里希将主体智力与奥古斯丁的“abditum mentis”联系起来，在此基础上，艾克哈特建立了德国神秘主义，建立在灵魂的非创造性基础的概念上。世纪中期至15世纪中期，作为形而上学主体理性理论基础的抽象论被唯名论和唯我论所取代，而另一方面，随着柏拉图思想的接受，抽象论又被人的自我认识论所取代。在16世纪，灵魂的不朽成为讨论的中心。少

The purpose of this reseach project was an investigation in/the history of reception and interpretation of Aristotle's theory of the intellect and of the soul in the periods of high and late scnolastic philosophy. For methodological reasons, there had to be taken into account also its interpretations in Arab philosophy, especially Avicenna and Averroes, as well as the Neo-platonic conception of mind, which has exercised considerable influence, especially the "Liber de causis", and, further, Augustine's psychological conception of the human mind. Through this research, in the history of interpretation of "De anima", the following steps and schools have been distinguished : 1. In the first half of the 13th century, Aristotle's theory of intellect has been exprosed according to Avicenna. The interpretations show a wide variety, form a denial of the agent intellect to its identification with God (Ox-ford school), in the combination with Agustine's theory of illumination. 2. In the most imp … More ortant period from 1250 to the seventies (from the introduction of "De anima" as teaching manual in the Arts-Faculty in Faris to its condemnations), conflicting interpretations have been developped : (1) Albertus Nagnus, (2) Sigerus of Brabant, (3) Bonaventura, (4) Thomas Aquinas. While, on one side, the soul-body-relation has been seen in Augustinian terms, intellect and soul have been identified, the substantial unity of sould and body has been posilively developped towards a new image of man (Albertus, Aquinas) ; whereby the controntation with Averroes' Neo-platonid theory of the unity of the intellect has served as stimulating factor. 3. In the period of transition from 1280 to 1300, the Averroist theory of intellect shifted from Paris to Padova and Bologna, where a unified understanding of Aristotle, based on the theory of the unity of the intellect, has been promoted . On the other side, in the Dominican school of cologne, Dietrich of Freiberg connected the agent intellect with Augustine's 'abditum mentis', on which basis Meister Eckhart has built German mysticism, founded in the conception of the uncreated ground of the soul.5. From the middle of the 14th to the middle of the 15th century, the theory of abstraction, which lies at the bottom of the metaphysical theory of the agent intellect, lost ground to nominalism and empiricism, while, on the other side, with the reception of Plato's thought, it was replaced by a theory of man's self-knowledge.6. In the 16th century, the immortality of the soul became the center of discussion. Less