Basic study for international comparison of building energy performance

本研究的目的是比较日本与欧洲国家在空间供暖和制冷方面的能源需求。利用模拟结果对日本和欧洲选定城市的建筑热负荷进行了比较。利用每个城市每小时的年度天气数据，对模型独栋住宅和模型办公楼进行了模拟。对于单户住宅，模拟在日本的6个城市和欧洲的9个城市进行。结果表明，除赫尔辛基的年热负荷最大外，其他城市的年热负荷和冷负荷之和基本一致，而欧洲几乎所有城市的年热负荷都占主导地位。对于办公楼，模拟是在东京和欧洲五个主要城市进行的。结果表明，即使在欧洲城市，室内热负荷仍以制冷为主。然而，在欧洲城市，为了满足通风要求而引入新风的冷却效果有助于减少空气处理机组的冷却盘管负荷。一般来说，欧洲的供热负荷要大于日本，但模拟结果也表明，建筑的保温对降低供热负荷是非常有效的。日本的制冷热负荷比欧洲大得多，而且需要相当大的热负荷。虽然几个欧洲城市的模拟结果显示需要冷却，但即使在欧洲的仲夏，也可以预期通风空气的自由冷却。这一结果表明，与欧洲相比，日本的天气条件不适合降低建筑能源需求。对有效降低冷却能耗的方法的持续研究在日本尤为重要。

The purpose of this study is to examine the energy requirement for space heating and cooling of Japan in comparison with European countries. Building heat loads were compared using the simulation results for the selected cities in Japan and Europe. The simulation was conducted for both model single family house and model office building using the hour by hour annual weather data for each city.For the single family house, the simulation was carried out for 6 cities in Japan and 9 cities in Europe. The results showed that except for Helsinki where the maximum annual heating load was observed, the sums of heating and cooling load showed similar values, whereas the heating load is dominant in almost all the European cities.For the office building, the simulation was carried out for Tokyo and five major cities in Europe. The results showed that cooling is dominant in room heat load even in the European cities. However, in the European cities the cooling effect of fresh air introduced for ventilation requirement contributes to reduce the cooling coil load of air handling unit.Generally, the heating load in Europe is larger than that in Japan, however, the simulation results also show that thermal insulation of building is very effective to reduce the heating load. The heat load for cooling in Japan is much larger than that in Europe, in addition considerable amount of heating load is needed in Japan. While the simulation results for several European cities showed need for cooling, free cooling by ventilation air can be expected even in mid-summer in Europe. This results showed that the weather conditions of Japan is not favorite for reducing building energy requirement in comparison with Europe. The continuous studies for the ways of effective cooling energy reduction are especially important in Japan.