Plant xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme genes for phytoremeditation of environmental endocrine disruptors

环境内分泌干扰物对环境和农产品的污染是一个严重的全球性问题。这些化学物质以纳米级浓度存在于环境和农产品中，并被怀疑影响生态系统和人类健康。传统的环境内分泌干扰物去除技术成本高、获得效果耗时长、不能有效去除纳米级化学物质污染，因此需要开发新的技术来去除纳米级环境内分泌干扰物污染。某些植物种类是接地的，有很深的根。这些植物通过根系吸收和积累来自广大地区的纳米级环境化学物质。另一方面，包括细胞色素P450 （P450或CYP）单加氧酶在内的某些酶系统可以识别和代谢亲脂性外源生物。我们试图克隆更多代谢环境内分泌干扰物的酶的基因，并评价它们在植物修复中的作用。(1) 2,4- d、溴硝腈等处理诱导烟草CYP71A11基因产生CYP71A11酶，催化除草剂氯脲的n -去甲基化。因此，CYP71A11酶似乎对除草剂的选择性和抗性具有重要意义。此外，我们还在CYP71A11基因的启动子区域发现了溴苯醚反应顺式元件。(2)克隆水稻CYP72A18 cDNA并在酵母中表达。含有CYP72A11酶的酵母微粒体代谢除草剂天龙英酸。因此，我们发现CYP72A11能够催化除草剂天竺酸的ω-1羟基化。(3)具有多种除草剂交叉抗性的Lolium生物型WLR2特异性表达CYP71R4基因。然后克隆CYP71R4 cDNA并在酵母中表达。含有CYP71R4酶的酵母微粒体代谢除草剂氯脲。因此，我们发现CYP71R4参与了除草剂的交叉抗性。少

Contamination of the environment and agricultural products with environmental endocrine disruptors is a serious global problem. These chemicals were found in the environment and agricultural products at nano-level concentrations, and are suspected of affecting ecosystems and human health. Therefore, it is requested to develop novel technologies to remove contamination by nano-level concentrations of environmental endocrine disruptors, since most conventional technologies are high cost, take a long time to obtain results, and do not work effectively to remove contamination of nano-level chemicals. Certain plant species are grounding and have deep roots. These plants absorb and accumulate nano-level concentrations of environmental chemicals from a wide area through their root systems. On the other hand, it was found that certain enzymatic systems including cytochrome P450 (P450 or CYP) monooxygenases recognize and metabolize lipophilic xenobiotics. We attempted to clone genes coding for … More enzymes which metabolize environmental endocrine disruptors and to evaluate them for phytoremediation.(1) Tobacco CYP71A11 gene was induced by the treatment with 2,4-D, bromoxynil and others to produce the CYP71A11 enzyme, which catalyzed N-demethylation of the herbicide chlorotoluron. Thus, CYP71A11 enzyme seemed to be important for the herbicide selectivity and resistance. Also, we have identified bromoxynil-response cis element in the promoter region of the CYP71A11 gene.(2) Rice CYP72A18 cDNA was cloned and expressed in yeast. Yeast microsomes containing CYP72A11 enzyme metabolized the herbicide pelargonic acid. Thus, CYP72A11 was found to catalyze ω-1 hydroxylation of the herbicide pelargonic acid.(3) The Lolium biotype WLR2 showing multiple herbicide cross-resistance specifically expressed CYP71R4 gene. Then, CYP71R4 cDNA was cloned and expressed in yeast. Yeast microsomes containing CYP71R4 enzyme metabolized the herbicide chlorotoluron. Thus, CYP71R4 was found to be involved in herbicide cross-resistance. Less