DNA Analysis and immunological Study of Animal Remains of Ancient Japan

这项研究旨在通过DNA分析或免疫学研究从古代日本的动物遗骸中获得信息。有DNA或生化分析的例子从考古遗址出土的动物遗骸这些天。然而，由于DNA分子或蛋白质的存活率很低，以及其他现代生物（包括微生物）的污染，分析通常很困难。在本研究中，尝试建立协议，以获得可靠的结果。例如，努力建立一个严格的制度，以消除其他生物的污染。同时在显微镜下进行形态学研究，以观察可能残留的细胞内容物。这些形态学研究的结果显示与DNA扩增的成功或失败有很好的相关性。此外，几种材料抑制PCR扩增DNA从古代样品。例如，古代样本中的金属离子、染料本身会抑制DNA扩增。我们也发现一些树脂的保护处理和一些农药，包括熏蒸剂确实影响博物馆样品中DNA分子的稳定性。特别是我们发现几种用于杀灭博物馆物品中昆虫和真菌的熏蒸剂严重影响了样品中的DNA。因此，在DNA分析之前，我们如何在博物馆中保存古代样本也很重要。

This research aimed at getting information from animal remains of ancient Japan through DNA analysis or immunological studies. There are examples of DNA or biochemical analysis of Animal remains excavated from archaeological sites these days. However, analysis is generally difficult due to the poor survival of DNA molecules or proteins, and contaminations by other modern creatures including microorganisms. In this research, a trial of establishing protocols to obtain reliable results was made. For example, efforts to establish a strict system to get rid of contaminations by other organisms were made. Morphological studies under microscope were performed at the same time in order to see cell contents being likely to be remained. The results of these morphological studies showed good correlation with success or failure of DNA amplification. Furthermore, several materials inhibited PCR in DNA amplification from ancient samples. For examples, metallic ions, dyes in ancient samples themselves inhibited DNA amplification. Also we found some resins for conservation treatments and some pesticides including fumigants did affect the stability of DNA molecules in museum samples. Especially we showed several fumigants for killing insects and fungi of museum objects severely affected DNA in samples. Therefore it is also important how we preserve ancient samples in museums prior to DNA analysis.