Evaluation of thermal performance of environmentally friendly residential house built in Indonesia and proposal of new passive techniques

在全球变暖和资源/能源枯竭日益受到关注的今天，以节能和减轻环境负荷为目标的被动式建筑的要求越来越高。本研究的目的是：以印尼泗水的一栋实验房和马来西亚槟城的一栋殖民风格的招待所为例，对室内和室外的热环境进行测量和分析，以了解当地气候条件的影响和引入的被动式方法的效果，并对热方面进行综合评价。在此基础上，探索了改进被动式方法的策略，提出了一种利用当地气候的新技术和一种新的环保房屋，并对泗水实验房屋和槟城殖民风格招待所的测试结果进行了分析。分析了室内温湿度、包括太阳辐射在内的辐射换热以及室内和周围的空气流动情况。通过计算结果与实测值的对比，验证了仿真模型的有效性。利用该模拟程序，研究了入射和反射太阳辐射对室内热环境的影响，遮阳对遮阳和通风效率的影响，以及环境条件对室内热环境的影响。在此基础上，考虑开孔和关闭两种情况，对冷却地板水循环供冷效果进行了评价，确定了开孔的最优控制方式，并对泗水地区既有独立住宅和公寓住宅的室内热环境进行了测量和分析。对空调的使用情况进行了调查。

Since great concern is being paid to global warming and resource/energy exhaustion in these days, passive buildings aiming at energy saving and reduction in environmental load are highly required. The objectives of this research are; to measure indoor and outdoor thermal environment and analyze the indoor environment in order to investigate the influences of the local climate conditions and the effect of the introduced passive methods, and to make an integrated evaluation on thermal aspect, regarding an experimental house built in Surabaya, Indonesia and a colonial style guest house in Penang, Malaysia. Furthermore, by making use of these results, strategy for improving passive methods is searched, and a new technique which makes use of the local climates and a new environmentally friendly house are proposed.The measured results on the experimental house in Surabaya and the colonial style guest house in Penang were analyzed. That is, the indoor temperature and humidity, radiation heat transfer including solar radiation and the air flow in and around the house were analyzed. By comparing the calculated and measured results, the validity of the simulation model was confirmed. By making use of this simulation program, the influences of the incident and reflected solar radiations on the indoor thermal environment, the effect of the shading on the shading and ventilation efficiencies, and the influence of the ambient environmental conditions on indoor thermal environment were examined. The cooling effect by the circulation of the cooled floor water was evaluated considering the open or close of the openings, and the optimum control of the openings was determined.Along with these studies, the indoor thermal environment of the existing detached and apartment residential houses in Surabaya were measured and analyzed. The usage of the air-conditioners was surveyed.