A Study on Thermal and Hygric Behaviors of Clothing and Their Influence on Thermal Environment

为了定量地了解水分在服装中的传递和积累，并预测吸汗和蒸发对热感觉的影响，我们进行了以下研究。(1)水分扩散系数的检测及测量方法研究了在发生出汗引起的液体水分转移的情况下，衣物中含液体转移的水分扩散系数的测量方法。由于衣服通常很薄，所以宏观意义上的平均的有效性并不明显。因此，这一假设也得到了检验。在此基础上，测量了平行于纤维方向和厚度方向的水分扩散系数。在平行于纤维的扩散系数测量中，采用了水平放置布料的渗透实验。由于吸水率与时间的根成正比，因此织物的吸水率可以表示为…(2)考虑衣物水分积累的人体热湿平衡利用简单的人体热模型，评价了水分向衣物的传递、在衣物中的积累、出汗后的蒸发及其对热感觉的影响。在Jones模型的基础上，提出了一个考虑服装的仿真模型。Jones模型是Gagge双节点模型的改进版本，该模型将人体视为由多个部分组成。讨论了衣服中的水分对人体热平衡的影响。此外，实验对象在一个气候室进行。测定了衣服的排汗过程和吸脱附过程。通过将皮肤和衣服的实测温度与计算结果进行比较，验证了仿真程序的有效性。实验结果表明，皮肤与衣物的接触条件以及液体和蒸气的传递量对实验结果有显著影响。少

In order to understand moisture transfer and accumulation in clothing quantitatively, and also to predict an influence of sweat absorption and evaporation on thermal sensation, the followings were investigated.(1)Examination of moisture diffusivity and the method of measurementA measuring method of moisture diffusivity including liquid transfer in clothes was investigated under the situation where liquid moisture transfer due to sweating occurs. Since clothes are usually very thin, the validity of an averaging in macroscopic sense is not evident. Thus, this assumption was also examined. Based on these results, the moisture diffusivity was measured both in the direction parallel to the fiber and in the thickness direction. In the measurement of diffusivity parallel to the fiber, infiltration experiments into a cloth kept horizontally were utilized. Since the rate of water absorption was proportional to the root of time, it was concluded that the absorption into the cloth could be expres … More sed as a diffusion process.(2)Heat and moisture balance in human body taking account of moisture accumulation in clothesThe moisture transfer to and accumulation in clothes, the evaporation after sweating and their influence on thermal sensation were evaluated by making use of a simple thermal model of human body under sweating condition. Based on the Jones' model, an improved version of Gagge's two-node model which deals with a human body as composed of several parts, a simulation model was proposed by taking account of the clothes. The influence that the moisture in the clothes has on thermal balance of human body was discussed.Furthermore, an experiment with subjects was carried out in an climate chamber. Measurements on sweating process and sorption-desorption process from the clothes were done. The validity of the simulation program was examinde by comparing the measured temperatures of the skin and clothes with the calculated results. It was shown that the contact condition between the skin and clothes and also the fractions of liquid and vapor transfer influence the results significantly. Less