A Study on Thermal and Hygric Behaviors of Clothing and Their Influence on Thermal Environment

为了定量地了解服装中的水分转移和积聚，并且还为了预测汗液吸收和蒸发对热感觉的影响，进行了以下研究。（1）水分扩散率的测定及测定方法在发生出汗引起的液体水分迁移的情况下，研究了包含液体迁移的水分扩散率的测定方法。因为衣服通常很薄，所以在宏观意义上平均的有效性并不明显。因此，这一假设也得到了检验。基于这些结果，在平行于纤维的方向上和在厚度方向上测量水分扩散率。在平行于纤维的扩散率的测量中，利用了向保持水平的布中的渗透实验。由于吸水率与时间的根成正比，因此可以得出结论，织物的吸水率可以表示为： 关于我们 作为一个扩散过程。（2）考虑衣服内水分积聚的人体热湿平衡利用一个简单的人体出汗热模型，研究了出汗时衣服内水分的传递、积聚、出汗后的蒸发及其对人体热感觉的影响。在对Gagge的两节点模型进行改进的Jones模型的基础上，提出了一种考虑服装的仿真模型。讨论了服装中的水分对人体热平衡的影响，并在人工气候室中进行了人体热平衡实验。对出汗过程和衣服的吸脱附过程进行了测试。通过皮肤和衣服的实测温度与计算结果的比较，验证了模拟程序的有效性。结果表明，皮肤和衣服之间的接触条件，以及液体和蒸汽传递的分数显着影响的结果。少

In order to understand moisture transfer and accumulation in clothing quantitatively, and also to predict an influence of sweat absorption and evaporation on thermal sensation, the followings were investigated.(1)Examination of moisture diffusivity and the method of measurementA measuring method of moisture diffusivity including liquid transfer in clothes was investigated under the situation where liquid moisture transfer due to sweating occurs. Since clothes are usually very thin, the validity of an averaging in macroscopic sense is not evident. Thus, this assumption was also examined. Based on these results, the moisture diffusivity was measured both in the direction parallel to the fiber and in the thickness direction. In the measurement of diffusivity parallel to the fiber, infiltration experiments into a cloth kept horizontally were utilized. Since the rate of water absorption was proportional to the root of time, it was concluded that the absorption into the cloth could be expres … More sed as a diffusion process.(2)Heat and moisture balance in human body taking account of moisture accumulation in clothesThe moisture transfer to and accumulation in clothes, the evaporation after sweating and their influence on thermal sensation were evaluated by making use of a simple thermal model of human body under sweating condition. Based on the Jones' model, an improved version of Gagge's two-node model which deals with a human body as composed of several parts, a simulation model was proposed by taking account of the clothes. The influence that the moisture in the clothes has on thermal balance of human body was discussed.Furthermore, an experiment with subjects was carried out in an climate chamber. Measurements on sweating process and sorption-desorption process from the clothes were done. The validity of the simulation program was examinde by comparing the measured temperatures of the skin and clothes with the calculated results. It was shown that the contact condition between the skin and clothes and also the fractions of liquid and vapor transfer influence the results significantly. Less