A Study on Thermal and Hygric Behaviors of Clothing and Their Influence on Thermal Environment

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In order to understand moisture transfer and accumulation in clothing quantitatively, and also to predict an influence of sweat absorption and evaporation on thermal sensation, the followings were investigated.(1)Examination of moisture diffusivity and the method of measurementA measuring method of moisture diffusivity including liquid transfer in clothes was investigated under the situation where liquid moisture transfer due to sweating occurs. Since clothes are usually very thin, the validity of an averaging in macroscopic sense is not evident. Thus, this assumption was also examined. Based on these results, the moisture diffusivity was measured both in the direction parallel to the fiber and in the thickness direction. In the measurement of diffusivity parallel to the fiber, infiltration experiments into a cloth kept horizontally were utilized. Since the rate of water absorption was proportional to the root of time, it was concluded that the absorption into the cloth could be expres … More sed as a diffusion process.(2)Heat and moisture balance in human body taking account of moisture accumulation in clothesThe moisture transfer to and accumulation in clothes, the evaporation after sweating and their influence on thermal sensation were evaluated by making use of a simple thermal model of human body under sweating condition. Based on the Jones' model, an improved version of Gagge's two-node model which deals with a human body as composed of several parts, a simulation model was proposed by taking account of the clothes. The influence that the moisture in the clothes has on thermal balance of human body was discussed.Furthermore, an experiment with subjects was carried out in an climate chamber. Measurements on sweating process and sorption-desorption process from the clothes were done. The validity of the simulation program was examinde by comparing the measured temperatures of the skin and clothes with the calculated results. It was shown that the contact condition between the skin and clothes and also the fractions of liquid and vapor transfer influence the results significantly. Less