Polymorphism in cancer-related genes among oral cancers from the eastern Asian area

口腔癌和癌前病变收集自中国、斯里兰卡、孟加拉国和印度。在目前收集的口腔癌和癌前病变中，我们发现有或没有咀嚼烟草习惯的许多部位的病变可称为浅表性癌。800例口腔鳞状细胞癌中，浅表癌128例。其中，日本680例中有82例为浅表性癌。日本浅表癌患者的临床病理特点是：患者以老年女性为主；浅表性癌多见于长、龈、颊粘膜；病变多发、复发；吸烟和饮酒的烟草消费量低于浸润性癌患者；浅表癌病变与患者对假体治疗的记忆有一定的相关性。亚洲国家的病变多集中在颊黏膜和牙龈，患者以有咀嚼习惯的男性为主。日本和亚洲患者浅表癌的组织病理学相同。它们通常由原位癌组成，可分为基底样癌、疣状癌和棘状癌三种类型，以及周围上皮发育不良，具有两期特征。为了认识这种口腔粘膜浅表癌的疾病实体，2002年8月在新加坡举行了一次研讨会，来自日本、韩国、马来西亚、印度尼西亚、斯里兰卡和英国的口腔病理学家参加了研讨会，并讨论了这一概念的可能性。利用从亚洲各国收集的石蜡包埋标本，从以下几个方面对浅表癌进行了调查：通过免疫组织化学和原位杂交研究了上皮异常增生的两期特征，揭示了其分子机制是由于下层基底样细胞增殖和表层厚角化的机械应力导致刺细胞凋亡。此外，口腔粘膜下纤维化的细胞外基质重塑被确定为口腔癌发生的背景之一。通过显微解剖获得的DNA样本分析癌症相关基因的突变事件。其中，p53基因有几个特征性突变，这些突变在所收集的病例中是共有的。根据本研究获得的数据，高度提示不同环境因素引起的口腔黏膜浅表癌在癌症相关基因中具有相似的遗传改变。少

Oral cancers and precancerous lesions were collected from China, Sri-Lanka, Bangladesh, and India. Among the present collection of oral cancers and precancerous lesions, we found lesions which can be referred to as superficial carcinoma in many areas with or without the custom of chewing tobacco. There were 128 cases of superficial carcinoma among 800 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Among them, 82 superficial carcinomas out of 680 cases from the Japanese population. The clinicopathobgical characteristics of the Japanese patients with superficial carcinoma were as follows : the patients were mainly older women ; the superficial carcinoma arose more commonly in the longue, gingival, and buccal mucosa ; the Lesions were multiple and recurrent ; less consumptions of tobacco for smoking and alcohol than patients with invasive carcinomas ; the superficial carcinoma lesions had some association with the patients' anamneses for prosthetic treatments. In contrast, the lesion from Asian c … More ountries was found exclusively in the buccal mucosa and gingival, and the patients were mainly males with chewing habits. Histopathobgy of the superficial carcinoma was the same among the Japanese and Asian patients. They were commonly composed of carcinoma in-situ, which could be divided into three types, such as basaloid, verrucous, and acanthotic, and of surrounding epithelial dysplasia with the characteristic two-phase appearances. In order to recognize such a disease entity of superficial carcinoma of the oral mucosa, a workshop was taken place in Singapore in August 2002, at which oral pathologists from Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Indonesia, Sri-Lanka, and the United Kingdom attended and discussed about the possibility of the conceptUsing paraffin-embedded specimens collected from Asian countries, superficial carcinomas were investigated in several aspects as follows : the characteristic two-phase appearance in epithelial dysplasia was investigated by immunohistochemistry and in-situ hybridization, and its molecular mechanism was revealed to be due to apoptosis of prickle cells by mechanical stress of basaloid cell proliferation in the lower layer and thick keratinization in the surface layer. In addition, extracellular matrix remodeling in oral submucous fibrosis was determined for one of the backgrounds of oral carcinogenesis. DNA samples obtained by microdissection were analyzed for mutational events in cancer-related genes. Among them, there were several characteristic mutations in the p53 gene which were shared by the collected cases.Based on the data obtained in this study, it is highly suggested that superficial carcinomas of the oral mucosa caused by different environmental factors shared similar genetic alterations in the cancer-related genes. Less