Children's musical creativity in developmental perspectives

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In the first year, we reviewed the literature in the development of musical creativity, and conducted a survey targeted to elementary and junior-high school music teachers in Hiroshima, Tottori, and Yamanashi Prefectures. We also observed creative activities in music classrooms of Grades 2 and 4 in Hiroshima and Tottori Prefectures.In the second year, we conducted multiple site case studies across and prefectures grades (grades 1,4, and 7 in Tottori, and grades 1 and 4 in Yamanashi). In these studies, students in each music classroom were divided into a group of four or five, and were asked to create a one-minute long music piece expressing their classroom teacher, using chime bars with mallets. Group discussions of one particular group in each class was videotaped throughout lessons. All groups performed in front of their classmates twice : once to share a draft version and then to present their final version. We analyzed verbal and gestural exchanges among group members by means of behavioral coding of videotaped group discussions to reveal developmental differences in how children create a music piece in a small group.In the third year, we evaluated total of 60 final versions of music created by children and 3 additional pieces creative by college students using the same four-tone scales.