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A Legal-sociological Research on the Relation between Basic Local Organization so-called Neighborhood government or Intra-Municipal Decentralisation

基层基层组织“街道政府”与市内分权关系的法社会学研究

基本信息

批准号：
14320004
负责人：
NAWATA Yoshihiko
金额：
$ 7.74万
依托单位：
Tokyo Metropolitan University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The system of "neighborhood government" or "intra-municipal decentralisation" have interested academic as well as practical world in Japan since several years. This project intends to research the systems of United Kingdom, United States of America, Germany and France in comparison with the system in Japan. I has paid special attention to the "basic local organizations", which we think are necessary to male the system work well. In Japan the basic local organization in this sense ist narurally the "Chonaikai" or "Jichikai". We visited together cities Setagata, Takarazuka, Kitakyushu and Kobe to see how tie system of intra-municipal decentralisatiton work on the bass of this kind of specifically Japanese local organization. The clear relation between the system and the local organization however cannot be found in other countries except Germany, where the intra-municipal decentralisatiton has been organized on the basis of political parties for a long time But on the other hand we found the situation which the hypothesis or starting point of the project makes sense if the concept of "basic local organization" is extended to the different actors who are active in the community-level, namely the sisuation of "collaboration". The trend of the so-called "collaboration" is found in ail doe countries and many different kinds of non-profit organizations function there as actors of collaboration. During in the classical system of intra-municipal decentralisatiton (for example in the system of German "kommunale Untergliederung" or the English `local council") the essential aim of the system consists in the democratisatiorn of the public decision making in the age of gigantic municipalities, the important point of the system today consists in the problem of public service in the age of neo-liberalistic reform, a problem which the countries want to save by means of mobilizing the different powers of civic sectors.

多年来，“街道政府”或“市内分权”制度引起了日本学术界和实践界的兴趣。本项目旨在研究英国、美国、德国和法国的制度并与日本的制度进行比较。我特别关注“基层的地方组织”，我们认为这些组织对于使系统良好运转是必要的。在日本，这种意义上的基本地方组织自然就是“町内会”或“自治会”。我们一起参观了世田、宝冢、北九州和神户等城市，看看市内分权的联系系统如何在这种日本特有的地方组织的基础上发挥作用。然而，这种体制与地方组织之间的明确关系，除了德国以外，在其他国家是看不到的，德国的市内分权长期以来都是以政党为基础组织起来的。但另一方面，我们发现，如果将“基层地方组织”的概念延伸到活跃在基层的不同行动者，则本研究的假设或出发点就有意义，即“合作”的出现。在所有国家都存在所谓“合作”的趋势，许多不同类型的非营利组织在这些国家发挥着合作的作用。在经典的市内分权制度中（例如，在德语“kommunale Untergliederung”或英语“地方议会”制度中），该制度的根本目的在于大市政时代公共决策的民主化，而今天该制度的重点在于新自由主义改革时代的公共服务问题，这是各国希望解决的问题。通过动员民间不同力量来节约。