A Study on Active Knowledge Archive for Manufacturing Knowledge based on Virtual Manufacturing

对于设计和操作制造系统，许多决策是由设计师、工程师和工人完成的。因此，我们可以认为，每个制造系统都是在许多专家积累知识应用的基础上实现的。现在，许多工业企业都试图将这些知识保存下来用于工厂设计和运营，以保持或提高制造能力。提出了将虚拟制造系统(VMS)应用于知识获取/存储/利用的思想，并从实时、机器可读性和任务真实性三个角度对制造知识进行了分类。主动知识档案库分为三类：过程中/面向人/真实任务、过程/面向机器/实验任务、回顾/面向机器/真实任务，并提出了面向虚拟制造系统的四视图记录方法、设计评审支持系统和知识标签方法…分别比较发达。这些方法已被用于评估方法的有效性。特别是，虚拟制造系统VirtualWorks在功能上得到了增强，可以处理多个虚拟世界仿真来表示制造环境。引入虚拟世界态势识别符和知识标签的新概念，将VirtualWorks生成的虚拟世界与存储在XML数据库中的符号表示连接起来，并与汽车行业的两家公司合作，应用了基于VirtualWorks的原型系统。对一个零件装配单元的真实设备进行建模，构建了一个包含100多个实体的虚拟模型，并收集了大约50条Ek记录。定性地，用虚拟模型来表示知识应用的信息是非常有效的，但目前原型系统的功能层还不能实现主动知识档案库的思想。作者所在的课题组继续开发更实用的系统，该系统可以应用于数据采集、存储、组织和利用的各个阶段。较少

For designing and operating manufacturing systems, a number of decision-makings are done by designers, engineers, and workers. Thus, we can think that each manufacturing system is realized on the accumulation of knowledge application by many experts. Now, many industrial companies try to preserve such knowledge for factory design and operation in order to keep or improve the manufacturing ability. The authors had an idea that Virtual Manufacturing Systems (VMS) can be applied for knowledge acquisition/storage/utilization.For categorizing manufacturing knowledge, three viewpoints were introduced ; real-time, machine readability, and task reality. Three different categories, in-process/human-oriented/real task, in-process/machine-oriented/experimental task, and retrospective/machine-oriented/real task, were selected for active knowledge archives and the four view recording method, the design review support system, and the knowledge tag method for virtual manufacturing systems were newly … More developed respectively. These methods have been implemented for evaluating the effectiveness of the methods. Especially, the virtual manufacturing system, VirtualWorks, has been functionally enhanced to deal with multiple virtual world simulation for representing manufacturing contexts. The new concepts, virtual world situation identifier and knowledge tag, were introduced to connect the virtual world generated in VirtualWorks and symbolic representations stored in XML database.In cooperation with two companies of the automotive industry, the prototype system based on VirtualWorks was applied. Modeling the real facilities of a part assembly cell, we constructed a virtual model containing more than 100 entities and collected approximately 50 eK-records. Qualitatively, it was very effective to use a virtual model to present the information about knowledge application.The current functional level of the prototype system cannot realize the idea of the Active Knowledge Archive. The authors' research group continues to develop more practical system which can be applied for all phases of data acquisition, storage, organization, and utilization. Less