「Synthesis, properties, structure and functions of fullerene nanowhiskers」Summary of research result

宫泽等人发现的富勒烯纳米晶须。2001年，以富勒烯和醇的有机溶液为原料，采用液-液界面沉淀法合成。我们用富勒烯和异丙醇的甲苯或间二甲苯溶液成功地合成了C60、C70和C60-C70纳米晶须。这一结果为富勒烯多组分纳米晶须的合成提供了一种非常重要的方法。我们还表明，利用未经净化的烟尘可以制备富勒烯纳米晶须，这提供了一种低成本的合成方法。结果表明，添加碘的C60晶须的电阻率远低于未掺杂的C60纳米晶须。在电子显微镜下，C60晶须在加热条件下沿生长轴线的分子距离几乎相同，而垂直于生长轴线的晶格常数在加热条件下表现为拉长。这一结果表明，C60纳米晶须在晶须生长轴上有很强的结合力，在高于600℃的温度下加热，C60纳米晶须不溶于甲苯。在900℃加热条件下，C60纳米晶须具有较高的电导率，并保持了线状形貌。经900℃热处理的C60纳米晶须具有结晶度较低的石墨化拉曼光谱。在转泵真空度为600℃的条件下加热，C60NW变为管状结构。这些管状结构被称为“富勒烯壳管”。富勒烯壳管和纳米晶须在燃料电池领域具有潜在的应用前景。用C60的铂衍生物制备了C60的囊状针状晶体，C60纳米管可以灵活弯曲，也可以用SPM硅尖在其表面开槽。

The fullerene nanowhiskers discovered by Miyazawa et al. in 2001 can be synthesized from organic solutions of fullerenes and alcohols by using the liquid-liquid interfacial precipitation method. We have successfully synthesized the nanowhiskers of C60, C70 and C60-C70 by using toluene or m-xylene solutions of fullerenes and isopropyl alcohol. This result provides a very important method that can be extended to the synthesis of multicomponent fullerene nanowhiskers. We also showed that the fullerene nanowhiskers can be produced by using unpurified soot, which provides a low-cost synthetic method. We showed that iodine-added C60 whiskers had electrical resistivities much lower than that of undoped C60 nanowhiskers. The molecular distance along the growth axis of C60 whiskers showed almost the same lattice constant by heating in TEM, though the lattice constant perpendicular to the growth axis showed an elongation by the heating. This result indicates that a strong bonding force is operating along the whicker growth axis.The C60 nanowhiskers become insoluble to toluene by heating at temperature higher than 600℃. The C60 nanowhiskers showed a high electrical conductivity by heating at 900℃ and retained the linear morphology. The C60 nanowhiskers heat-treated at 900℃ showed a graphitic Raman spectra with low crystallinity. The C60NWs became tubular structures by heating at 600℃ under rotary pump vacuum. These tubular structures Were named "fullerene shell tubes". The fullerene shell tubes and nanowhiskers have potential applications in the field of fuel cells. Capsular needle-like crystals of C60 were obtained by using a platinum derivative of C60.The C60NWs could be flexibly bent, and also their surface could be grooved by using a SPM silicon tip.