Development of Non-Pharmacological Nursing Intervention for Alleviation of Pain in Children

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The result of Literature review carried out in 2002, 27 papers on non-pharmacological intervention and 24 papers on pediatric pain management had been identified. Upon reviewing those literature, "Back massage" and "Foot bath" were selected as methods of intervention. For indicators of effective intervention, pain related physical symptoms, quality of sleep, stress level were used. Pain related physical symptoms were collected through interview and observation : quality of sleep was measured by Actiwatch and peripheral temperature ; and stress level was measured by salivary cortisol level. The subjects of the study were 6 children from three pediatric hospitals who gave permission to be in the study after explanation of the procedures. The nurse of three pediatric hospitals were joined in workshop to acquire the acquire the skill of "Back massage" and "Foot bath" and started. Among six children who had participated in the study, 5 choused to have Foot bath as their alleviation intervention, and only one choose Back massae. Since the number of subjects were small, there were no significant effect were observed in objective indicator.Both children/family and nurses, they have recognized Back massage and Foot bath at the method s with cause relaxation. Data with Actiwatcjh and subjective interview indicated the satisfaction of sleep would have influence by Foot bath. As an addittional result, the nurse had increased opportunity to communicate with child/family and nurses can allocate their time to child as a therapy, not as an intervention. when they have a time.