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Multiple-layered human interface for safety control and sharing of situation awareness in dynamical environments with risks

多层人机界面，用于在有风险的动态环境中进行安全控制和态势感知共享

基本信息

批准号：
14380186
负责人：
INAGAKI Toshiyuki
金额：
$ 8.26万
依托单位：
University of Tsukuba
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This research project has investigated design of human interface to support human-machine collaborations under dynamically changing environment in which allotted time. may be limited for situation recognition, decision making, and action selection and implementation. Function allocation needs to be dynamic and situation-adaptive to support humans appropriately. Machines have thus been given various types of intelligence. Intelligent machines can now sense and analyze situations, decide what must be done, and implement control actions. It is true, however, humans working with such smart machines often suffer negative consequences of automation, such as the out-of-the-loop performance problem, loss of situation awareness, complacency or over-trust, and automation-induced surprises. By taking the adaptive cruise control (ACC) system as a real-world example of adaptive systems, this research project has developed the concept of multi-layered human interface in which information is provided with human drivers so that they can share situation recognition and intentions with automated systems and authority may be traded dynamically in an emergency to assure system safety. The efficacy of the human interface has been analyzed and evaluated through series of cognitive experiments with various types of scenarios. Furthermore, computer simulation methods have been developed to investigate degree of safety degradation due to drivers' over-trust in automation, in which conventional cognitive experimental approach may not be applicable or feasible. It has been proven that an effective strategy for function allocation between humans and automation assuring system safety can lie within the category that does not fulfill conditions assumed for a conventional human-centered automation.

本研究计画探讨在动态变化的环境下，在分配时间的条件下，如何设计人机介面以支援人机合作。可能受限于情况识别、决策制定以及动作选择和实施。功能分配需要是动态的和适应情况的，以适当地支持人类。因此，机器被赋予了各种类型的智能。智能机器现在可以感知和分析情况，决定必须做什么，并实施控制行动。然而，与这些智能机器一起工作的人经常会遭受自动化的负面影响，例如环外性能问题，失去态势感知，自满或过度信任以及自动化引起的惊喜。通过自适应巡航控制（ACC）系统作为一个现实世界的自适应系统的例子，本研究项目已经开发了多层人机界面的概念，其中信息提供给人类驾驶员，使他们能够共享的情况识别和意图与自动化系统和权力可以在紧急情况下动态交易，以确保系统的安全。人机界面的功效已经通过一系列的认知实验与各种类型的场景进行了分析和评估。此外，计算机模拟方法已被开发来研究由于驾驶员对自动化的过度信任而导致的安全退化程度，其中传统的认知实验方法可能不适用或不可行。已经证明，在人类和自动化之间进行功能分配以确保系统安全的有效策略可能属于不满足传统以人为中心的自动化所假设的条件的类别。