New Possibility of Co-operative Agriculture Under the Market Economy

本研究的目的，是从合作经营的观点，重新思考包括股份公司在内的大型农场企业，主要是从法律的人理论或企业理论的观点来分析。为了达到这一目的，对东德国的各种大农场进行实地考察是主要的方法主要研究结果如下：1.大农场的合作化形式仍然很多，不仅有生产合作社的企业形式，从90年代初开始，在东欧德国和东欧经济转型国家，也开始与包括股份公司在内的各种形式的企业进行合作。我长期定点观察的德国东部的一个大型农业企业集团（合作型大农场企业），在2004年又被彻底拆分为子公司。中国大陆在集体土地所有制与法人企业混合的条件下，出现了许多经济效益较高的农业企业;经营性农场企业，如JA投资的农业生产法律的人或社区村支持的各种法律的形式的农业企业，不仅在在一些地区，家庭农场的继承者很少，但在一些进步地区，有许多坚韧的家庭农场。此外，通过对原始表格中水稻生产成本表的计算，分析了水稻生产规模经济存在的问题。

The purpose of this research is to reconsider the significance of the big farm business including joint-stock company, which was mainly analyzed from the viewpoint of legal person theory or enterprise theory, from the viewpoint of co-operative management. To achieve this purpose it was the main method to make many fieldworks of various big farm businesses in East Germany (including East European Countries), China and Japan.Main study results are as follows.1.There remain many co-operative types of big farm businesses not only with the enterprise form of production co-operatives, but also with various forms of enterprises including joint-stock company in East Germany and East European Countries under the transition economies from the beginning of 1990s. One of the big enterprise group of agriculture in East Germany (co-operative type of big farm business), of which I have been making a fixed point observation for long time, was newly in 2004 drastically divided into daughter companies. I will follow and analyze this process from now on.2.There grow in Mainland of China many farm enterprises with economically high performances under the conditions of mixture of group ownership of land and corporate enterprises.3.In Japan there arise many new types of co-operative farm business such as agricultural production legal person invested by JA or community village supported agricultural enterprise with various legal forms not only in the region where there are few successors of family farms but also in the progressive regions where there are many tough family farms. In addition the problematic situation of scale economy in rice production was analyzed through the calculation of rice production cost tables in original sheets.