New Possibility of Co-operative Agriculture Under the Market Economy

本研究的目的是重新思考包括股份公司在内的大农场经营的意义，主要是从法人理论或企业理论的角度，从合作化经营的角度进行分析。为了达到这一目的，在东德（包括东欧国家）、中国和日本进行了许多大型农场企业的实地考察，这是主要方法。主要研究结果如下：从20世纪90年代初开始，在东德和东欧经济转轨国家，除了生产合作社的企业形式，还有包括股份公司在内的多种企业形式，大农场经营仍然存在许多合作型。我长期定点观察的东德农业大企业集团之一（合作型大农场企业），在2004年刚刚被大幅拆分为几个子公司。我将从现在开始跟踪和分析这个过程。在日本，不仅在家庭农场继承者较少的地区，而且在家庭农场数量较多的进步地区，出现了由JA投资的农业生产法人或由社区村支持的具有多种法律形式的农业企业等新型合作农场经营模式。此外，通过对原表水稻生产成本表的计算，分析了水稻生产中规模经济存在的问题。

The purpose of this research is to reconsider the significance of the big farm business including joint-stock company, which was mainly analyzed from the viewpoint of legal person theory or enterprise theory, from the viewpoint of co-operative management. To achieve this purpose it was the main method to make many fieldworks of various big farm businesses in East Germany (including East European Countries), China and Japan.Main study results are as follows.1.There remain many co-operative types of big farm businesses not only with the enterprise form of production co-operatives, but also with various forms of enterprises including joint-stock company in East Germany and East European Countries under the transition economies from the beginning of 1990s. One of the big enterprise group of agriculture in East Germany (co-operative type of big farm business), of which I have been making a fixed point observation for long time, was newly in 2004 drastically divided into daughter companies. I will follow and analyze this process from now on.2.There grow in Mainland of China many farm enterprises with economically high performances under the conditions of mixture of group ownership of land and corporate enterprises.3.In Japan there arise many new types of co-operative farm business such as agricultural production legal person invested by JA or community village supported agricultural enterprise with various legal forms not only in the region where there are few successors of family farms but also in the progressive regions where there are many tough family farms. In addition the problematic situation of scale economy in rice production was analyzed through the calculation of rice production cost tables in original sheets.