New Possibility of Co-operative Agriculture Under the Market Economy

本研究的目的是从合作经营的角度，重新思考包括股份公司在内的大型农业企业的意义，这些问题主要是从法人理论或企业理论的角度来分析的。为达到这一目的，对东欧(包括东欧国家)、中国、日本等地的各种大型农场企业进行了大量的实地考察。主要研究结果如下：1.在20世纪90年代初的转轨经济下，东欧和东欧国家的大型农场企业不仅以生产合作社的企业形式存在，而且还与包括股份公司在内的各种形式的企业保持着多种合作类型。我一直在定点观察的东德农业大企业集团(合作型大农场企业)之一，在2004年刚刚彻底分成了几家子公司。从现在起，我将跟踪分析这一过程。2.在中国的大陆，在土地集团所有制和公司制企业混合的条件下，成长了许多经济效益较高的农场企业。3.在日本，出现了许多新型的农业合作企业，如JA投资的农业生产法人或社区村级支农农业企业，其法律形式多样，不仅在家庭农场继承者较少的地区，而且在家庭农场困难较多的进步地区也是如此。此外，通过对原表中水稻生产成本表的测算，分析了水稻生产中存在的规模经济问题。

The purpose of this research is to reconsider the significance of the big farm business including joint-stock company, which was mainly analyzed from the viewpoint of legal person theory or enterprise theory, from the viewpoint of co-operative management. To achieve this purpose it was the main method to make many fieldworks of various big farm businesses in East Germany (including East European Countries), China and Japan.Main study results are as follows.1.There remain many co-operative types of big farm businesses not only with the enterprise form of production co-operatives, but also with various forms of enterprises including joint-stock company in East Germany and East European Countries under the transition economies from the beginning of 1990s. One of the big enterprise group of agriculture in East Germany (co-operative type of big farm business), of which I have been making a fixed point observation for long time, was newly in 2004 drastically divided into daughter companies. I will follow and analyze this process from now on.2.There grow in Mainland of China many farm enterprises with economically high performances under the conditions of mixture of group ownership of land and corporate enterprises.3.In Japan there arise many new types of co-operative farm business such as agricultural production legal person invested by JA or community village supported agricultural enterprise with various legal forms not only in the region where there are few successors of family farms but also in the progressive regions where there are many tough family farms. In addition the problematic situation of scale economy in rice production was analyzed through the calculation of rice production cost tables in original sheets.