Research into the Structure of Big-size Agricultural Regal Cooperation through the International Comparison

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At the close end of 20th century there arise four types of new agricultural enterprises in addition to the traditional family farms in Japan. They all are agricultural production legal persons, whose first type is the group of companies or cooperative corporations of a different sort, the second type special legal person of village farming, the third type company of a different sort under direct investment and control of agricultural cooperative, the fourth type public corporation for agriculture of cities, towns and villages.The characteristics of these enterprises are as follows ;1. They all are relatively bigger enterprises than the family farms as to number of labour forces and scale of farms. They have the functions of complimentarity and substitution of family farms.2. They organize the cooperation and division of labour, and therefore realize the high labour productivity on the one hand, sustainability of farm on the other hand.3. They have mainly a character of enlarged family farm as to the roil of labour forces, which are expected to play the part of labourer and manager.4. They have commonly the character of commercial enterprises on the one hand, but are under the control of villages, agricultural cooperatives and local government.The reorganization process of Japanese agriculture into the 2lst century can be described as follows.First course is enterprising development of many family farms, and the company stands at the summit of this course.Second course is also enterprising development of such new types of agricultural production legal persons accompanying with the complimentarity and substitution of family farms.These courses mean in other words the reexperience process of experiment of socialist agriculture, which has aimed at overcoming the limit of family farm productivity under the conditions of lower productivity level, under the higher productivity level of today and future.