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Conservation and Restoration of the Environment and Natural Resources, and Condition for the Stabilization of Food Resources in East Asia

东亚环境和自然资源的保护和恢复以及粮食资源的稳定条件

基本信息

批准号：
14402050
负责人：
SHIMOWATARI Toshiharu
金额：
$ 6.4万
依托单位：
Nihon University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Problems concerned with ensuring the stability of food resources in East Asian countries have some peculiarities comparing to that in other developing countries. Especially, the food demand resulting from increasing population pressure to land (arable land) as well as the rapid economic growth in the region is notable among other associated problems. To the vast population in china (1,300 millions), 500 million tons food grains are produced and consumed every year. This amount is a 100 million tons increase compared with that at the end of the 1970s (reform-period). In addition, the contents of the food demand are also changing a lot due to the rapid economic development and change in per capita income. Such a rapid change in the demand and supply of food tends to be similar in most of the Southeast Asian countries where the food consuming structure is closely related with the economic fluctuation. In the East Asian region too, due to rapid progress of the industrialization and urbaniz … More ation, farmlands that once used for agricultural crop production are being converted to housing and industrial lands, use of water is proportionally increasing, that ultimately making deficit of two basic limited resources (land and water). In this research report, we will describe such a phenomenon appeared notably along the Yellow River valley in China Conventionally, in the arid regions of the central west and north east parts of China, large scale natural disasters such as severe drought and massive floods used to be occurred at intervals of three to ten years. However, the present study shows the generating cycle of a drought and a flood in the said regions has become short in recent years. Simultaneously, uncontrolled water use and its improper management system in the big cities in the downstream region of the Yellow River are making environmental degradation that ultimately have had serious influence also on the food production of China Thailand is another famous agricultural country in the Southeast Asia where foreign affiliated and local shrimp culture projects are getting popular along its large coastal zone. However, although this tendency is helping the country to earn foreign currency more than before, the existing situation is that the destruction of the environmentally friendly mangroves as well as the rate of contamination of the surrounding farmlands and water eventually hampers the production of the rice which is basic crop of the country. Furthermore, in Malaysia where large-scale oil palm gardens are growing by demand increase of the global plant oil and fat, lack in taking care of the biodiversity is making problem to natural ecosystem and environment Al these facts has led the authors to conclude that reconstruction of natural resources and the food system where basic environmental factors could survive symbiotically is a pressing need in East Asia. Less

与其他发展中国家相比，东亚国家在确保粮食资源稳定方面的问题具有一些特殊性。尤其是，人口对土地(耕地)的压力越来越大，以及该区域经济的快速增长导致的粮食需求，以及其他相关问题值得注意。对中国的广大人口来说，每年生产和消费的粮食有5亿吨。这一数量比1970年代末(改革时期)增加了1亿吨。此外，由于经济的快速发展和人均收入的变化，粮食需求的内容也在发生很大变化。在粮食消费结构与经济波动密切相关的大多数东南亚国家，粮食需求和供应的这种快速变化往往是相似的。东亚地区也是如此，由于工业化和城市化的快速推进，…更多的国家，曾经用于农作物生产的农田正在被转化为住房和工业用地，水资源的使用按比例增加，最终导致两种基本有限资源(土地和水)的短缺。在这份研究报告中，我们将描述这样一个现象，在中国黄河流域出现明显的这种现象。在中国的中西部和东北干旱地区，过去每隔三到十年就会发生一次严重干旱、大洪水等大规模自然灾害。然而，目前的研究表明，近年来该地区旱涝灾害的发生周期变短。与此同时，黄河下游大城市无节制的用水和管理制度的不当正在造成环境退化，最终也对中国的粮食生产产生了严重影响泰国是东南亚另一个著名的农业国，在其大片沿海地区，外资和当地的对虾养殖项目越来越受欢迎。然而，尽管这一趋势有助于该国比以前更多地赚取外汇，但目前的情况是，对环境友好的红树林的破坏以及周围农田和水的污染率最终阻碍了作为该国基本作物的水稻的生产。此外，在马来西亚，由于全球植物油和脂肪的需求增加，大规模的油棕榈园正在增长，缺乏对生物多样性的照顾正在对自然生态系统和环境造成问题。这些事实使作者得出结论，重建自然资源和食物系统，使基本环境因素能够共生，是东亚的迫切需要。较少