Development of Biocompatible Silk Nonwoven Fabrics

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Tissue biocompatiblity of sik nonwoven fabrics was examined by in vivo test. Two types of nonwoven fabrics were used as sample material. One is produced from silk fibers from usual cocoon by using the nonwoven forming process (P type). The other is natural nonwoven fabric (so called "Sankenshi : S type), which was directly produced by the special silkworms of "Ishiko-san". This silkworms have a characteristics to produce flat type cocoon (Sankenshi) instead of usual type cocoon. In the animal experiments (in this work rabbit), the skin defect of 10×7 cm was created in the back, and the nonwoven samples (3×3cm) were implanted on the defect under contacting with subcutaneous tissue. In vivo test results showed that both types of nonwoven fabrics have very little foreign body reaction, namely have good biocompatibility. In addition, these samples induced a good effect for the healing of skin wound. These samples were not absorbed after 4 weeks implantation. Silk nonwoven fabrics are expected to become a useful tissue biocompatible implant material.