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Development of Integrated Sediment Delivery Systems throughout a River System

整个河流系统综合输沙系统的开发

基本信息

批准号：
11558048
负责人：
TAKAHASHI Tamotsu
金额：
$ 8.58万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11558048/
关键词：
Sediment runoff Reservoir sedimentation Open-type sabo dam Field observation Prediction model Sediment mixture 貯水池排砂

项目摘要

This research aims to develop the methods 1) to predict the sediment delivery along the river system by giving only rainfall, sediment characteristics and topographic conditions, 2) to effectively control debris flow using the open type sabo dams, and 3) to flush sediment from a comparatively large reservoir.Concerning with the theme 1), a numerical simulation method that combines the kinematic wave flood runoff analysis with the sediment entraining and detraining analysis is developed. A special contrivance to take the sediment supply from bare slopes is included. This method is applied to explain the sediment runoff within the watershed of Takase reservoir and the sediment disasters triggered by a severe rainfall in Venezuela, and it is proved valid and useful to examine the efficiencies of various countermeasures.As for the theme 2), a stochastic model for the clogging of grid-type dam by boulders contained in debris flow is introduced. This model is combined with a particle segregation process model to numerically simulate the debris flow control by grid-type sabo dam. This method is proved valid by experiments.Concerning with the theme 3), a new system to flush sediment from reservoir is invented. A small dam is constructed inside of the reservoir near the upstream end, and the yielded sediment accumulates only upstream of this sub-dam. During flood recession period, water and sediment stored upstream of the sub-dam are emptied through a bypass tunnel to the rfirer reach downstream of the main dam. If erosion of the delta deposit accumulated the backside of sub-dam is not sufficient, reverse flow from the main reservoir is introduced to scour the deposit. The feasibility of this system is examined by both laboratory experiments and numerical simulations, and it isproved feasible.

本研究的目标是：1)仅根据降雨、泥沙特征和地形条件预测河流水系输沙量；2)利用开放式沙坝有效控制泥石流；3)从较大的水库冲沙。针对本文的主题(1)，提出了一种将运动波浪洪水径流分析与泥沙夹带与去夹带分析相结合的数值模拟方法。包括一种特殊的装置，从光秃秃的斜坡上取沙。将该方法应用于解释Takase水库流域泥沙径流和委内瑞拉强降雨引发的泥沙灾害，并证明该方法对检验各种对策的效率是有效和有用的。在主题(2)中，介绍了泥石流中含砾体堵塞栅格坝的随机模型。该模型与颗粒分离过程模型相结合，对栅格式沙坝控制泥石流进行了数值模拟。实验证明了该方法的有效性。针对主题3)，发明了一种新的水库冲沙系统。在水库内靠近上游的地方建了一个小坝，产沙只在这个小坝的上游积聚。在退潮期，将子坝上游蓄积的水和泥沙通过旁路隧洞排空至主坝下游的河段。如果对堆积在子坝背面的三角洲沉积物的侵蚀不够充分，则引入主水库的逆流冲刷沉积物。通过室内实验和数值模拟验证了该系统的可行性。