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A study of applied ecological anthropology on groundwater arsenic contamination in the Bengal Region of Bangladesh

孟加拉国孟加拉地区地下水砷污染的应用生态人类学研究

基本信息

批准号：
11691039
负责人：
TANI Masakazu
金额：
$ 4.29万
依托单位：
KYUSHU INSTITUTE OF DESIGN
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B).
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This year's research surveyed food intake, agriculture, aquaculture, livestock, material culture, and social organization in the Samta village in Bangladesh.In pursuing the causes of the relationship that more members of low income households suffer from arsenic poisoning than those of higher income households, food intake surveys indicated that at the households with the higher rates of arsenic poisoning people consumed less animal protein. Aquaculture surveys found that not many households owned and harvested fish from ponds where people raised fish. Because the remaining households bought fish from the market, the amount of fish consumption strongly reflected household income. While most households raise livestock, those animals were not for self-consumption, but a kind of "saving" for unanticipated needs. All meat was bought from the market. Therefore, even lower income households owned animal resources that would potentially be used to prevent from arsenic poisoning, because of the lack of the total economic resources, these resources were not actually used as such. On the other hand, since higher income households were able to divert part of economic resources for the quality of food, as a result, their damage from arsenic contaminations remained little.Agricultural surveys found that land ownership tended to be fragmented because of the equal inheritance system, and that household agricultural management lacks autonomous orientation. A survey on material culture suggested that a high percentage of material culture was supplied by the products of the village ecosystem. A survey on social organization showed that for a kind of social organization to be the medium of autonomous rural development, the "committee" principle appeareed to be useful.A survey in a village in North-west Thailand indicated that rainwater harvesting could be a viable method to supply arsenic free water alternative to tube wells.

今年的研究调查了孟加拉国Samta村的食物摄入、农业、水产养殖、畜牧业、物质文化和社会组织。在探讨低收入家庭比高收入家庭遭受砷中毒的人数更多的关系时，食物摄入调查表明，在砷中毒率较高的家庭，人们摄入的动物蛋白较少。水产调查发现，没有多少家庭拥有并从人们养鱼的池塘中收获鱼。由于其余家庭从市场购买鱼类，鱼类消费量强烈反映了家庭收入。虽然大多数家庭饲养牲畜，但这些牲畜不是为了自我消费，而是一种“储蓄”，以备意外需要。所有的肉都是从市场上买的。因此，即使是低收入家庭也拥有可能用于预防砷中毒的动物资源，但由于缺乏总的经济资源，这些资源实际上并没有被用于预防砷中毒。另一方面，由于收入较高的家庭能够将部分经济资源用于食品质量，因此砷污染对他们的损害不大。农业调查发现，由于平等继承制度，土地所有权趋于分散，家庭农业管理缺乏自主性。对物质文化的调查表明，物质文化的很大一部分是由村庄生态系统的产品提供的。对社会组织的调查表明，作为一种社会组织，“委员会”原则在农村自治发展中似乎是有用的。对泰国西北部一个村庄的调查表明，雨水收集是一种可行的方法，可以替代管道威尔斯提供无砷水。