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A study on the relationships between production, consumption, and behavior in rural villages affected by arsenic contamination in Bangladesh

孟加拉国受砷污染影响的农村生产、消费和行为之间的关系研究

基本信息

批准号：
13610360
负责人：
TANI Masakazu
金额：
$ 2.24万
依托单位：
Kyshu Institute of Design
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This study has conducted surveys and analyses on an agricultural census and social barriers related to alternative safe water sources.The agricultural census was conducted in a rural village seriously contaminated by arsenic. The data of the agricultural census in this study was collected for the surplus productivity as a whole village, rather than household basis. In this analysis, a village was treated as a cultural-ecological system, arsenic contamination problem was viewed as an environmental stress, and the analysis on the balance of production and consumption in the ecosystem appraised the adaptive productivity of the village. The analysis indicates that the village as an ecosystem has surplus productivity, and that the surplus resources can be diverted to deal with the environmental stress.As for the use of alternative safe water sources, we surveyed the actual uses of alternative water sources, such as dugwells and deep tubewells. The analysis examines the effects and problems related to the water sources of collective use. The analysis concludes that collective water sources are cost-effective because a few water sources can supply water needs for a settlement. However, because only females perform water fetching, the effectivity of a water source is affected not only by physical distance, but by the social restriction of female behavior. Moreover, since a collective water source tends to be sited in "center," the location may not be very convenient for socially disadvantaged households in peripheral areas. In another case, some of those households located near a water source may not be able to and willing to use the source because of the relationships between social groups. For these reasons, it is necessary to incorporate invisible socio-cultural factors in the siting of an alternative water source, and to develop household-base safe water sources for socially disadvantaged households, not being able to use a collective sources for varied reasons.

本研究对农业普查以及与替代安全水源相关的社会障碍进行了调查和分析。农业普查是在一个砷污染严重的村庄进行的。本研究的农业普查数据是针对整个村庄的剩余生产力收集的，而不是针对家庭的剩余生产力。在该分析中，将村庄视为一个文化生态系统，将砷污染问题视为一种环境压力，并通过生态系统中的生产与消费平衡分析来评价村庄的适应性生产力。分析表明，村庄作为一个生态系统具有剩余生产力，可以将剩余资源用于应对环境压力。在替代安全水源的使用方面，我们调查了替代水源的实际使用情况，例如挖井和深管井。该分析探讨了与集体使用水源相关的影响和问题。分析得出的结论是，集体水源具有成本效益，因为少数水源可以满足定居点的用水需求。然而，由于只有女性进行取水，水源的有效性不仅受到物理距离的影响，还受到女性行为的社会限制的影响。此外，由于集体水源往往位于“中心”，对于周边地区的社会弱势家庭来说，该位置可能不太方便。在另一种情况下，由于社会群体之间的关系，一些位于水源附近的家庭可能无法也不愿意使用水源。因此，有必要在替代水源选址时纳入隐形社会文化因素，并为因各种原因无法使用集体水源的社会弱势家庭开发家庭安全水源。