Landslide Hazard Assessment in Cultural Heritage Sites

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Global concern about the environment and sustainable development reaches a new peak in the 21st century. In order to establish reliable landslide risk evaliation and hazard assessment for planning prevention work before landslide disaster occurrence, UNESCO-IUGS IGCP-425 started international joint research and obtained following results.1.New precise displacement sensors using electro-magnetic pulse were installed at extensometers in Lishan landslide slope, Xian, China. Data logger for automatic monitoring and long-distance data transfer system are installed and tested.2.New extensometers and crack gauges using differential-transducer were developed and installed in 2000-2001 in a rock slope of Bitchu Matsuyama Castle, Okayama Prefecture, showing obvious instability. They showed deformation of the slope on the order of a few mm in 3 months at maximum.3.IGCP-425 general meeting was organized at UNESCO, Paris, in September 1999 and discussed about cultural heritages at landslide risk of the world and landslide hazard assessment/mitigation.4.Preliminary investigation was conducted at the most well-known UNESCO world Heritage "Machu Picchu" Inca ruin in Peru, which is located on the head scarp of large-scale rock slide, in November 2000 in cooperation with INC, INRENA, IGP etc. Ten sets of simplified extensometers and 2 sets of pen-recording type were installed for preliminary monitoring of the slope deformation in November 2000.5.UNESCO/IGCP Symposium on Landslide Risk Mitigation and Protection of Cultural and Natural Heritage was organized in 15-19 January 2001 at Science Council of Japan in Tokyo. Sassa reported the preliminary investigation in Machu Picchu and monitoring system in Lishan landslide.