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Improvement of fiber digestion and lowering of ruminal methane

改善纤维消化并降低瘤胃甲烷

基本信息

批准号：
11695071
负责人：
ITABASHI Hisao
金额：
$ 3.14万
依托单位：
Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

(1) Effect of addition of Yucca schidigera extracts (YS) and/or allyl isothiocyanate-cyclodextrin (Al-CD) complex on in vitro ruminal methane production and rumen fermentation was studied. Number of ruminal protozoa was decreased by YS, but unchanged by Al-CD. Molar proportion of ruminal acetic acid decreased, while that of propionic acid increased by both compounds. Methane production was inhibited by both compounds by 20-80 % during 6 hr incubation. However, fiber digestion was somewhat reduced when higher amounts of additives were administrated.The effect of YS on methane production in vivo was also studied by usinig cattle. YS was added to the diet consisted of hay plus concentrate (1.5 : 1) at the level of 0.5% and 1% of diet. Ruminal methane production was decreased slightly in the case of 0.5% addition, and decreased by 20% in the case of 1% addition. The number of protozoa and concentration of ammonia were also decreasd by the addition of YS.It was clarified that the supplement of Chinese milk vetch silage and rapeseed meal can increase the performance and rumen fermentation efficiency in lambs given ammoniated rice straw based diet. Cellulase treatment of untreated and steam pre-treated rice straw were shown to be effective in in vitro rumen fermentation.(2) Changes in plasma concentrations of reproductive hormones in heifers from birth to puberty was studied. Weekly or daily hormonal changes were observed. Daily changes in the concentration of follicle-stimulating hormones showed consistent cycle of hormone changes over a 7- to 8-day period in heifers from approximately 10 days to 9 months old. At birth, the concentrations of steroid hormones were higher than those at any other age. Gonadotropin levels, however, increased from birth to 1 week of age. These observations may be helpful in the case of the use of feed additives mentioned above.

(1)研究了添加丝兰提取物(YS)和/或异硫氰酸烯丙酯-环糊精(Al-CD)复合物对体外瘤胃甲烷产生和瘤胃发酵的影响。 YS 使瘤胃原生动物数量减少，但 Al-CD 没有变化。两种化合物均降低了瘤胃乙酸的摩尔比例，而增加了丙酸的摩尔比例。在 6 小时的孵育过程中，两种化合物均抑制甲烷产生 20-80%。然而，当添加较高量的添加剂时，纤维消化会有所降低。还通过使用牛研究了YS对体内甲烷产生的影响。 YS 添加到由干草加浓缩物 (1.5:1) 组成的日粮中，添加量为日粮的 0.5% 和 1%。添加0.5%时瘤胃甲烷产量略有下降，添加1%时瘤胃甲烷产量下降20%。 YS的添加也降低了原虫数量和氨浓度。结果表明，添加紫云英青贮饲料和菜籽粕可以提高以氨化稻草为主的羔羊的生产性能和瘤胃发酵效率。未经处理和蒸汽预处理的稻草的纤维素酶处理在体外瘤胃发酵中均被证明是有效的。(2)研究了小母牛出生至青春期血浆生殖激素浓度的变化。观察每周或每天的荷尔蒙变化。卵泡刺激激素浓度的每日变化表明，从大约 10 天到 9 个月大的小母牛在 7 到 8 天的时间内，激素变化的周期是一致的。出生时，类固醇激素的浓度高于任何其他年龄段的浓度。然而，从出生到 1 周龄，促性腺激素水平有所增加。这些观察结果可能对使用上述饲料添加剂的情况有所帮助。