Discovery of the <<common people>> and its transformation into the <<national>> in Italy

当曼佐尼开始创作她的历史小说时，他正处于创作他的第二部也是最后一部悲剧《阿德尔奇》的关键阶段。这部小说后来被吉萨伯蒂命名为《费尔默和露西亚》。他的第一个项目是基于这样一种观点，即意大利人的第一个民族意识是在伦巴第统治的最后时期，在教皇的左右半形成的。但他对中世纪历史的进一步研究使他有了另一个信念；也就是说，在这个时代，“民族意识”只不过是一个浪漫的神话。可能是这一时期历史文献对“意大利人”存在的绝对沉默，促使他创作了Fermo和Lucia等新型人物，也决定了悲剧项目的戏剧性变化。天野对阿德尔奇的写作过程进行研究的同时，斋藤则分析了高尔多尼在旧政权时期的喜剧中对农民、渔民、城市居民等各种下层阶级的表现方式。

When Manzoni started to write Ms historical novel, which was denominated later "Fermo e Lucia" by Ghisalberti, he was in a critical phase in the creation of his second and last tragedy "Adelchi". His first project was based on the idea that the first national consciousness of Italians was semi-formed around the Pope during the last period of Lombardic domination. But his further research of the medieval history guided him to another conviction; i.e. that in this age the "national consciousness" was nothing else but a romantic myth. Probably the absolute silence of historical documents on the existence of the "Italians" in that period pushed him into the creation of new type of characters like Fermo and Lucia, and also determined a dramatic change of project in the tragedy.While Amano developed his research on the writing-process of Adelchi, Saito analyzed Goldoni's expression method of various types of lower-class-people such as peasants, fishermen and city inhabitants in his comedies under the Ancien Regime.