A comparative study of the concept of Virtue in the thought of Leonardo and Machiavelli

列奥纳多与马基雅维利思想中美德概念的比较研究

• 批准号: 05610411
• 负责人: SAITO Yasuhiro
• 金额: $ 1.02万
• 依托单位: KYOTO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1993 至 1994
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-05610411/
• 关键词: Leonardo da Vinci; Machiavelli; Virtue; Power; Force; Water

I extracted at first from writings of Leonardo and Machiavelli, terms and concepts concerning Power, Force, Virtue, Nature and Man, and examined the definitions given by them to these terms. Then analyzing the elements seen in common in their thoughts, I exposed the basic concepts of Nature and Man in the Renaissance culture, expressed typically by these two scientists.In the center of my research is the analysis of the concept of Virtue, expressed by Leonardo and Machiavelli. They use the word "Virtue" not in its traditional sense, but in the sense of mental and physical power to achieve something. They have a very modern scientific attitude and approve its spiritual and supernatural values as far as it really acts and produces an effect in the physical world. On the basis of this analysis of Virtue, I pubblished a paper on "The formation of the concept of Virtue as a power in the Renaissance Man, expressed by Leonardo and Machiavelli" . After considering their ideas on water, I discovered that the image of movement and power of water is used as a metaphor of their concept of Man, and I wrote a paper in Italian on "Eros e Thanatos nel pensiero di Leonardo e di Machiavelli" (Eros and Thanatos in the thought of Leonardo and Machiavelli) .At the same time, comparing Leonard's scientific studies on the movement of water with his drawings and paintings, I demonstrated that his laws of fluid dynamics are applied concretely to the figures of plants drawn by himself, and I pubblished a paper in "Iris, hairs and water currents---an attempt of dating of "Virgin of the Rocks" at Louvre through my analysis of characteristics of plants represented in the picture---" .

我首先从列奥纳多和马基雅维利的著作中摘录了有关权力、力量、美德、自然和人的术语和概念，并考察了他们对这些术语的定义。然后分析了他们思想中的共同点，揭示了文艺复兴文化中以这两位科学家为代表的自然与人的基本概念，并重点分析了列奥纳多和马基雅维利的德性概念。他们使用“美德”这个词不是传统意义上的，而是指实现某件事的精神和身体力量。他们有一个非常现代的科学态度和批准其精神和超自然的价值，只要它真正的行为和产生的影响，在物质世界。在此基础上，我发表了一篇论文，题目是“文艺复兴时期人的美德作为一种力量的概念的形成，由列奥纳多和马基雅维利表达”。在考虑了他们对水的看法后，我发现水的运动和力量的形象被用作他们对人的概念的隐喻，我用意大利语写了一篇关于“列奥纳多和马基雅维利的爱神和死亡”的论文。（列奥纳多和马基雅维利思想中的爱欲和死亡）同时，将伦纳德对水的运动的科学研究与他的素描和绘画进行比较，我证明了他的流体动力学定律具体地应用于他所画的植物图形，并发表了一篇论文“虹膜，头发和水流-通过我对图片中所代表的植物特征的分析来确定卢浮宫“岩石圣母”的年代-”。

项目成果

Y.Saito: "The formation of the concept of Virtue as a power in the Renaissance Man" Studi Italici. 43. 28-55 (1993)

Y.Saito：“作为文艺复兴时期的人的力量的美德概念的形成”Studi Italici。

齋藤 泰弘: "レオナルドの手稿" イタリア・ルネサンス 2. 81-88 (1994)

斋藤康弘：《列奥纳多的手稿》意大利文艺复兴 2. 81-88 (1994)

齊藤泰弘、その他: "イタリア・ルネサンス2" 小学館, 466 (1994)

斋藤泰弘等：《意大利文艺复兴2》小学馆，466（1994）

Y.Saito: "Leonardo's pictures deciphered by reading his manuscripts--an attempt of dating of two versions of "Virgin of the Rocks" --" Studi di Cultura Italo-giappo-nese. 32. 127-146 (1994)

Y.Saito：“通过阅读列奥纳多的手稿来破译他的画作——这是对《岩间圣母》两个版本的约会的尝试——”Studi di Cultura Italo-giappo-nese。

齋藤 泰弘: "2点の「岩窟の聖母」の図像とその注文者についての-考察" イタリア学会誌. 44. 122-152 (1994)

Yasuhiro Saito：“对两幅‘岩间圣母’和订购者肖像的思考”，《意大利学会杂志》，44. 122-152 (1994)。