Innovation, Best Practices and the Structural Change in the Japanese Construction Industry after the Age of High Economic Growth

经济高速增长时代后日本建筑业的创新、最佳实践和结构变化

• 批准号: 12450238
• 负责人: ANDO Masao
• 金额: $ 4.61万
• 依托单位: Chiba University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2000 至 2002
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12450238/
• 关键词: building production; risk; relational rent; core competence; supply chain management; partnering; facade engineering; PM; CM; ダブル・スキン・ファサード; 日本型マネジメント・システム; PCa構工法; 日本型モデル; サプライチェインマネジメント

The concept of "risks" and "relational rents" have been introduced to make explicit the difference in the settings I.e. boom and recession periods, wherein employers and contractors behave, clarifying that (a) though, during a continuous boom period, more transactional risks are placed on the side of employers, they are cancelled by contractor's endeavour to maximise relational rents through long-term relationship; and that (b) under recession, most of the transactional risks are transferred to the side of the contractors, but employers themselves become threatened in turn by huge "structural risks". In order to cope with the change in the setting employers whose transactional risks are minimised should take the responsible action to help improve the situation, and the third-party professional consulting practices need to be established to avoid structural risks.As to the third-party consultants, the functions of such new practices as Construction Managers and Facade Engineers were investigated to find out that they play the prerequisite role to make versatile procurement methods possible and the best practices through supply chain managementContractors, on the other hand, who are losing the basis for the Japanese management system that has brought about such reputed traditions as partnering and concurrent engineering, should try to acquire alternative means to retain competence in technological innovation. To do so, their corporate strategy should be focused on the real needs of employers/consumers and the core competence that gives them market competitiveness.

引入了“风险”和“关系租金”的概念，以明确雇主和承包商在繁荣和衰退期这两个环境中的区别，澄清：(A)虽然在持续繁荣期间，更多的交易风险偏向雇主一方，但承包商通过长期关系最大化关系租金的努力抵消了这些风险；(B)在衰退期间，大多数交易风险转移到承包商一方，但雇主本身反过来受到巨大的“结构性风险”的威胁。为了应对环境的变化，将交易风险降至最低的雇主应该采取负责任的行动来帮助改善这种情况，并需要建立第三方专业咨询实践以避免结构性风险。至于第三方顾问，调查了施工经理和立面工程师等新实践的职能，发现它们是通过供应链管理实现多样化采购方法和最佳实践的先决条件。另一方面，承包商正在失去日本管理体系的基础，这种管理体系带来了合作伙伴关系和并行工程等著名传统，他们应该尝试获得替代手段，以保持在技术创新方面的能力。要做到这一点，他们的公司战略应该着眼于雇主/消费者的真正需求，以及赋予他们市场竞争力的核心竞争力。