Measurement Of Cellular Immunity Specific To Bacterial Antigens and Its Application For Pathogenesis And Diagnosis

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(1) Specific Cellular Immunity And Pathogenesis Of Infectious DiseasesThe number of T cells specific to HIV or cytomegalovirus (CMV) was measured by flow-cytonietric detection of cytoplasmic interferon-gamma produced by T cells on stimulation with inactivated HIV or CMV antigens. The numbers of CMV-specific T cells in HIV-infected patients were slightly but significantly larger than those of normal individuals. However, it was technically difficult to detect CMV-specific T cells in HIV-infected patients with active CMV disease because the number of their CD4+ T cells was too small.In HIV-infected patients, the number of HIV-specific CD4+ T cell was much smaller than that of CMV-specific CD4+ T cells in spite that the numbers of CD8+ T cells specific to CMV and HIV were similar. We also found the perforin-positive CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood of HIV-infected patients. The number had good correlation with that of CMV-specific T cells, suggesting that the unique population of cells were involved in cellular immunity against CMV infection.(2) Diagnosis By Measurement Of Specific Cellular ImmunityFlow-cytometric analysis of T cells specific to PPD derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) revealed that both PPD had cross-reactive antigens.Thus, it was difficult to detect MAC-specific T cells using PPD in the Japanese population, most of whom have been immunized with BCG.