A longitudinal study on the development of locomotion in infants

婴儿运动发育的纵向研究

• 批准号: 12480006
• 负责人: KATOH Kenichi
• 金额: $ 4.67万
• 依托单位: Utsunomiya University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2000 至 2003
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12480006/
• 关键词: infants; locomotion; walking; leaping; running; development; longitudinal study; 運動発達; DLT法; 縦断的発達; ストライド; ピッチ; 走動作

The purpose of this study was to investigate the development of locomotion by continually observing the transitional process from the walking to the running motion in infants. The subjects were 12 healthy children aged from twelve to eighteen months. Their locomotion with maximal effort was videotaped using two VTR cameras operating at 60 fps(DLT method). Kinematic parameters to analyze locomotion were mean speed, step length, step frequency, step width. In the transitional process from walking to running, the mean speed increased from 1.61 m/s to 1.80 m/s, and step length, step length ratio, and step frequency also increased from 40.6cm to 43.0cm, from 48.9% to 51.5%, from 4.14Hz to 4.21Hz respectively, but the increase was not significant. In addition, in this study we confirmed that there was leaping in the process between the walking and the running motion. The speed, step length and step length/body height ratio of leaping was similar to that in the running motion. While, the step … More frequency of leaping was lower than that in both the walking and running motion. Initial leaping was always based on a kick from the same leg, and the dominant leg also showed higher speed, step length, and step frequency than the opposite leg in the walking and running motions. Thus, even at this very young age these infants showed laterality. The values for step width, step width/step length, and step width/body height were all higher in running than walking. Initial locomotions of walking and leaping in infancy are still unstable. Thus, the support basis becomes gradually smaller in the transition from walking to running. We considered that the modification of these movements are one of the features of the development of stabilization of the motion. We speculate that in infants the leaping motion is repeated until it stabilizes into the running motion and we consider the leaping motion to be part of the development of the transfer movement in the change from the walking to the running motion. Less

本研究旨在通过连续观察婴儿从步行到跑步运动的过渡过程，探讨婴儿运动能力的发展。研究对象为12名12 ~ 18个月的健康儿童。使用两台以60 fps操作的VTR摄像机（DLT方法）对它们以最大努力的运动进行录像。分析运动的运动学参数为平均速度、步长、步频、步宽。在从步行到跑步的过渡过程中，平均速度从1.61 m/s增加到1.80 m/s，步长、步长比和步频也分别从40.6cm增加到43.0cm、从48.9%增加到51.5%、从4.14Hz增加到4.21Hz，但增加不显著。此外，在本研究中，我们证实了在步行和跑步运动之间的过程中存在跳跃。跳跃运动的速度、步长和步长/身高比与跑步运动相似。然而，步骤 ...更多信息 跳跃运动频率低于步行和跑步运动。最初的跳跃总是基于同一条腿的踢腿，在行走和跑步运动中，优势腿也表现出比对侧腿更高的速度、步长和步频。因此，即使在这个非常小的年龄，这些婴儿也表现出偏侧性。步宽、步宽/步长和步宽/身高的值在跑步时均高于步行。婴儿期的行走和跳跃的初始运动仍然不稳定。因此，在从步行到跑步的过渡中，支撑基础逐渐变小。我们认为，这些运动的修正是运动稳定性发展的特征之一。我们推测，在婴儿的跳跃运动是重复的，直到它稳定到运行的运动，我们认为跳跃运动的发展的一部分，转移运动的变化，从步行到运行的运动。少

项目成果

加藤謙一: "遊びの中の走運動-かけっこ,鬼ごっこ-"子どもと発育発達. 1-3. 187-189 (2003)

加藤健一：“玩耍时跑步 - 跑步、标记 -”《儿童与成长与发展》187-189（2003）。