Low-income fathers’ and mothers’ parenting practices on infant locomotion and consequent language development: A longitudinal study from 9 to 24 months

低收入父亲和母亲的养育方式对婴儿运动和随后语言发展的影响：一项 9 至 24 个月的纵向研究

• 批准号: 10742535
• 负责人: Minxuan He
• 金额: $ 16.86万
• 依托单位: MOUNT ST. MARY'S UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-01 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10742535
• 关键词: Address; Age; Area; Case Study; Characteristics; Child; Child Language; Child Rearing; Code; Cognition; Data; Development; Disadvantaged; Distal; Early Intervention; Emotional; Environment; Epigenetic Process; Family; Family Characteristics; Fathers; Funding; Future; Gender; Genetic Transcription; Gestures; Goals; Growth; Home; Home visitation; Household; Income; Infant; Interruption; Intervention; Intervention Studies; Interview; Investigation; Laboratories; Language; Language Development; Linguistics; Link; Locomotion; Longitudinal Studies; Low income; Manuals; Mediating; Modeling; Mother-Child Relations; Mothers; Motor; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Outcome; Parent-Child Relations; Parenting Education; Parents; Perception; Play; Population; Proprioception; Randomized, Controlled Trials; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Research Support; Resources; Risk; Role; Sampling; Scheme; Schools; Source; Specific qualifier value; Surveys; Testing; Time; Toy; Variant; Visual; Vocabulary; Walking; autistic children; disadvantaged background; economic disparity; ethnic diversity; experience; improved; infancy; insight; intervention program; joint attention; longitudinal design; lower income families; parental role; peer; psychologic; skill acquisition; skills; social; social disparities; success; theories

Project Summary Low-income fathers’ and mothers’ parenting practices on infant locomotion and consequent language development: A longitudinal study from 9 to 24 months Locomotion such as crawling and walking during infancy is associated with an array of psychological functioning including visual proprioception, joint attention, manual search for hidden objects, attachment to others. The robustness of the association between infant locomotion and skills development has been demonstrated in a variety of research paradigms, including randomized controlled trials. More recently, researchers found that the onset of walking is associated with an increase in vocabulary, independent of the age at which walking begins. This relation has been replicated in cross sectional, cross-linguistic and retrospective survey studies. However, why walking benefits early language development remains an open empirical question. Other than some insightful speculations from studies with autistic children and case studies using LENA recordings, we know little about the mechanisms that link the onset of walking to language skill development. Moreover, research in this area is almost exclusively based on infants from middle-class backgrounds in laboratory settings and include only mothers. The variation in the onset of walking as well as its links with language development is unexplored among infants in low-income families whose locomotive experiences might be different from their wealthier peers due to less space and access to resources. Because low-income children are at risk for a host of negative outcomes such as delays in language development, it is important to examine the links between infant walking and language skills, as it has been shown with middle class children. To address these questions, we examine: (1) the variation of major motor milestones in a sample of low-income children, and the specific associations between fathers’ and mothers’ physical support of walking during play at 9 months and the later acquisition of walking as reported by parents; (2) the proximal and distal associations between infant walking and language skills at 18 and 24 months; and (3) possible mechanism underlying the walking and language association, mediated by parental language input, infant gesturing and object manipulation, when controlling for key background factors. We propose to develop coding schemes to assess both fathers’ and mothers’ physical support of walking during play, infant gesturing and object manipulation, transcribe parent-child interactions, and analyze the direct and indirect effects between walking and language growth in a sample of 200 low-income fathers and mothers and their children. Data are drawn from an ongoing NICHD-funded longitudinal project that includes an ethnically diverse sample of English- and Spanish-speaking parents. This research will support early intervention programs to identify specific mechanisms associated with long-term deficits in academic outcomes of children from disadvantaged backgrounds, as well as hone interventions that result in more effective and sustained positive outcomes.

项目摘要 低收入父母教养方式对婴儿运动能力的影响 语言发展：9至24个月的纵向研究 婴儿期的爬行和行走等运动与一系列 心理功能，包括视觉本体感觉，联合注意力，手动搜索 隐藏的物品对他人的依恋婴儿与儿童之间的联系 运动和技能发展已经在各种研究范例中得到证实， 包括随机对照试验。最近，研究人员发现， 走路与词汇量的增加有关，与走路的年龄无关。 开始.这种关系在跨领域、跨语言和回顾性的研究中得到了复制 调查研究。然而，为什么步行有益于早期语言发展仍然是一个开放的问题。 经验问题除了从自闭症儿童的研究中得出的一些有见地的推测 和使用LENA记录的案例研究，我们对连接这些基因的机制知之甚少。 开始行走到语言技能的发展。此外，该领域的研究几乎 完全基于实验室环境中来自中产阶级背景的婴儿，包括 只有母亲。行走开始的变化及其与语言的联系 在低收入家庭的婴儿中， 可能与富裕的同龄人不同，因为他们的空间和资源较少。 由于低收入家庭的儿童面临着一系列负面结果的风险，例如延迟入学， 语言的发展，重要的是要检查婴儿走路和语言之间的联系 这一点在中产阶级的孩子身上得到了体现。为了解决这些问题，我们 检查：（1）低收入儿童样本中主要运动里程碑的变化，以及 父亲和母亲在玩耍过程中对行走的身体支持之间的特定关联 在9个月和后来收购的步行父母报告;（2）近端和 18个月和24个月时婴儿行走和语言技能之间的远端关联;以及（3） 可能的机制，潜在的步行和语言协会，介导的父母 语言输入，婴儿手势和对象操作，当控制键背景时 因素我们建议制定编码方案，以评估父亲和母亲的身体状况， 支持在玩耍过程中行走，婴儿手势和物体操作，转录父母-孩子 互动，并分析步行和语言增长之间的直接和间接影响， 200名低收入父母及其子女的样本。数据来自一个 正在进行的NICHD资助的纵向项目，包括一个种族多样的样本， 英语和西班牙语的父母。这项研究将支持早期干预计划 确定与学术成果长期不足相关的具体机制， 来自弱势背景的儿童，以及磨练干预，导致更多的 有效和持续的积极成果。