The history of domestic animals in Japan and adjoining areas : A zooarchaeological approach.

我们观察了从北海道到冲绳和韩国的野猪或猪的遗骸。我们可以从韩国或其他亚洲大陆识别出东亚家猪的mtDNA，尽管数量不多。另一种区分家猪和野猪的方法是稳定同位素分析。如果它们以自然资源为食，它们的饮食应该都是C3植物食物，但它们是驯化的，它们的比例应该更接近人类的比例，因为它们以人类的剩余物或粪便为食。因此，经鉴定为琉球野猪的野猪遗骸表明了人类的食性。冲绳群岛古什巴鲁贝壳和大阪古树堡的一些野猪遗骸表明，它们以C4植物食物为食。毫无疑问，从冲绳(Yayoi文化)到北海道(鄂霍次克文化)，史前日本也有家猪存在，本州也有。或Yayoi文化)。我们仍然需要增加DNA和稳定同位素分析的样本数量。

We have observed wild boar or pig remains from Hokkaido to Okinawa and Korea. We could identified East Asian domestic pig mtDNA from Korea or other continental Asia, although they were not many. Another method to identify the domestic pigs from wild ones is stable isotopic analysis. If they were fed on natural resources, their diet should be all C3 plant foods, but they were domesticaticated, their ratio should be closer to human ratio because they were fed on human leftover or droppings. As a result, Boar remains that had been identified as Ryukyu wild boar indicated human feeding habit. Some boar remains from Gushibaru shell midden and Osato Gushuku(Castlle) in Okinawa Islands indicated they were fed on C4 plant foods. The same ratio could be found in some of Korean sites as well.There are no doubt that the domestic pigs existed in prehistoric Japan from Okinawa(Yayoi Culture) to Hokkaido(Okhotsk Culture), also in Honshu(Jomon? Or Yayoi Culture). We still have to increase the number of the specimen for DNA and stable isotopic analysis.