The Development of an ESP law Dictionary for the US Constitutional Cases: An Approach Based on Applied Linguistics and Corpus Linguistics

美国宪法案例ESP法律词典的开发：基于应用语言学和语料库语言学的方法

• 批准号: 12480056
• 负责人: TERAUCHI Hajime
• 金额: $ 3.46万
• 依托单位: Takachiho University (2001-2002)Rikkyo University (2000)
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2000 至 2002
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12480056/
• 关键词: ESP; US Constitutional Cases; dictionary; Corpus Linguistics; English Language Teaching; collocation; Common Law; On-line dictionary; データベース; 大学英語教育; 合衆国憲法判例; 応用言語学; ESP辞書; 未知語; 既知語; 語彙リスト; word form; lemma

This project aimed to produce a legal corpus for US Constitutional Cases based on 14,531 US Constitutional Cases. The purpose of this corpus was to provide the groundwork for the development of an ESP law dictionary for US Constitutional cases based on Applied Linguistics and Corpus Linguistics. In the four years since 2000, this project has focused the following five points: 1) After investigating the frequency of typical legal words and phrases used in US Constitutional cases, certain legal terms on US Constitutional cases were selected; 2) From this select group of legal terms, general words used in a legal sense (semi-technical words) were analyzed using the computer to look at the following categories: meanings, grammatical features, collocational patterns and frequently occurring specific discoursal features; 3) The rate of the occurrence of technical legal words was determined by the collocational patterns; 4) A parallel corpus (English and Japanese) for US Constitutional cases … More was created; 5) The groundwork was laid for the development of an ESP dictionary for US Constitutional cases with a number of examples of the use of legal terms based on the above research: meanings, grammatical patterns and frequency patterns. With the official approval of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, in April 2003 this project became a new project entitled "The Development of a Legal Encyclopedia based on the US Constitutional Cases Application to ESP Education in Japan (Project Number: 15320072)". In particular, this new project will focus on 5) above, the development of an ESP dictionary, which will be realised in 2006.This research had been guided theoretically by the academic fields of both Applied Linguistics and Corpus Linguistics, a considerable innovation when compared with previously published Common Law Dictionaries in both English and Japanese. Although previously published law dictionaries explain the definitions of legal technical words and their historical backgrounds, they never indicate how the legal words should be used in context. Furthermore, none of those dictionaries give an explanation about how in certain contexts general words are used in the legal sense which most frequently appears in legal documents. According to prior research conducted between 1998 and 2000, "The Development of ESP Materials and Methods through the Computer Based Analysis (Project Number: 09878047)", law students face much difficulty in reading cases because they cannot understand the use of semi-technical legal words. It is much easier for students to master the meanings of legal technical words than these semi-technical legal words. Through an investigation into the difference in use between legal words in a general context as contrasted with a legal context, this research indicates typically used patterns in US constitutional cases of general words in a legal sense as well as explaining in both English and Japanese the use of technical legal words and phrases. Less

该项目旨在基于14，531个美国宪法案例为美国宪法案例制作一个法律的语料库。该语料库的目的是为在应用语言学和语料库语言学的基础上为美国宪法案例开发ESP法律词典提供基础。从2000年开始的四年中，本研究主要集中在以下五个方面：1）通过对美国宪法案例中典型的法律的词语使用频率的调查，选取了美国宪法案例中的部分法律的词语; 2）从这些法律的词语中，选取了一般意义上的法律的词语本文利用计算机对英语中的半科技词进行分析，主要从以下几个方面进行：词义、语法特征、搭配模式和经常出现的特定语篇特征; 3）科技法律的词汇的出现率取决于搭配模式; 4）美国宪法案例的平行语料库（英语和日语） ...更多信息 已创建;（5）在上述研究的基础上，通过大量的法律的术语的使用实例，为专门用途英语词典的开发奠定了基础：这些术语包括：意义、语法模式和频率模式。经文部科学省正式批准，2003年4月，该项目成为一个新项目，题为“根据美国宪法案例开发适用于日本ESP教育的法律的百科全书（项目编号：15320072）"。特别是，这个新项目将集中在上述5），一个专门用途英语词典的开发，这将在2006年实现。这项研究的理论指导下，学术领域的应用语言学和语料库语言学，一个相当大的创新时，与以前出版的普通法词典的英语和日语。以往出版的法律辞书虽然对法律的专门词汇的定义及其产生的历史背景作了解释，但没有说明法律的专门词汇在语境中应如何使用。此外，这些词典都没有解释在某些语境中一般词如何在法律的意义上使用，而这种意义最常出现在法律的文件中。根据1998年至2000年进行的研究，“通过基于计算机的分析开发专门用途英语材料和方法（项目编号：09878047）"，法律专业学生在阅读案例时面临很多困难，因为他们不能理解半技术性法律的词汇的使用。法律的专业词汇比半专业的法律的词汇更容易被学生掌握。本文通过对一般语境和法律的语境中法律的词语使用差异的考察，揭示了美国宪法案例中法律的意义上的一般词语的典型使用模式，并对英语和日语中技术性法律的词语和短语的使用进行了解释。少

项目成果

寺内 一: "Multilingual and Multicultural Contexts of Legislation : An International Perspective"Peter Lang. (2003)

Hajime Terauchi：“立法的多语言和多文化背景：国际视角”Peter Lang (2003)。

寺内 一, 野口ジュディー: "ESPとプロフェッショナル・ディスコース・コミュニティー"大学等の専門英語教育の実態調査を背景とした実践的ESP指導法の開発. 1. (2003)

Hajime Terauchi、Judy Noguchi：《ESP 与专业话语社区》基于大学专业英语教育调查的实用 ESP 教学方法的开发等 1. (2003)

寺内 一: "The Development of an ESP Dictionary for US Constitutional Cases : An Approach Based on Applied Linguistics and Corpus Linguistics"Annual Report of JACET-SIG on ESP (Headquarters). 4. 47-52 (2002)

Hajime Terauchi：“美国宪法案件 ESP 词典的开发：基于应用语言学和语料库语言学的方法”JACET-SIG 关于 ESP 的年度报告（总部）4. 47-52 (2002)。

寺内 一: "総合英語:日常の中の法律"三修社. (2003)

Hajime Terauchi：“综合英语：日常生活中的法律”Sanshusha（2003）。

Terauchi, H.: "Historical Development of Law in Japan"Multilingual and Multicultural Contexts of Legislation: An International Perspective. Germany: Peter Lang. (Bhatia, V.K., Candlin, C.N., Engberg.J., and Trosberg, A.(eds.)). (2003)

Terauchi, H.：“日本法律的历史发展”多语言和多文化立法背景：国际视角。