Molecular breeding for submergence tolerance in crops

作物耐淹性的分子育种

• 批准号: 12556002
• 负责人: HIRAI Atsushi
• 金额: $ 8.64万
• 依托单位: The University of Tokyo
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2000 至 2001
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12556002/
• 关键词: Acetaldehyde; Aldehyde dehydrogenase; Submergence; Rice; 冠水抵抗性; 形質転換植物; 嫌気ストレス

It is known that alcoholic fermentation is important for survival of plants under anaerobic conditions. Acetaldehyde, one of the intermediates of alcoholic fermentation, is not only reduced by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) but also can be oxidized by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). To determine whether ALDH plays a role in anaerobic metabolism in rice (Oryza sativa L.), we characterized a cDNA clone encoding mitochondrial ALDH from rice (Aldh2a). Analysis of subcellular localization of ALDH2a protein and an in vitro ALDH assay indicated that ALDH2a functions in the oxidation of acetaldehyde in mitochondria. A Southern blot analysis indicated that mitochondrial ALDH is encoded by at least two genes in rice. We found that the Aldh2a mRNA was present at high levels in leaves of dark-grown seedlings, mature leaf sheaths and panicles. Interestingly, expression of the rice Aldh2a gene, unlike the expression of the tobacco Aldh2a gene, was induced in rice seedlings by submergence. A possible involvement of ALDH2a in the submergence tolerance of rice was studied.

众所周知，酒精发酵对植物在厌氧条件下的生存非常重要。乙醛是酒精发酵的中间体之一，不仅可以被乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)还原，还可以被乙醛脱氢酶(ALDH)氧化。为了确定ALDH是否在水稻厌氧代谢中起作用，我们克隆了一个编码水稻线粒体ALDH的基因克隆(Aldh2a)。对ALDH2蛋白的亚细胞定位分析和体外ALDH实验表明，ALDH2 a在线粒体乙醛氧化中起作用。Southern杂交分析表明，水稻线粒体ALDH至少由两个基因编码。我们发现Aldh2a在暗生长幼苗、成熟叶鞘和圆锥花序的叶片中表达水平较高。有趣的是，与烟草Aldh2a基因的表达不同，水稻Aldh2a基因的表达是在水稻幼苗中被淹水诱导的。研究了ALDH_2a可能参与水稻耐水性的研究。

项目成果

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中园，M.

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Ohtsu, K. 等人：“来自水稻和拟南芥的细胞色素 c 氧化酶亚基 VIb (COX6b) 基因的表征和表达”基因。

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Li, Y., M. Nakazono, N. Tsutsumi and A. Hirai: "Molecular and cellular characterizations of a cDNA clone encoding a novel isozyme of aldehyde dehydrogenase from rice"Gene. 249. 67-74 (2000)

Li，Y.，M. Nakazono，N. Tsutsumi 和 A. Hirai：“编码水稻醛脱氢酶新同工酶的 cDNA 克隆的分子和细胞特征”基因。