A Comparative Study of Culture and Society in Fuzhou and Quanzhou, Fujian Province and Okinawa

本研究试图对琉球和福建这两个有着悠久互动历史的地区的各种文化和社会现象进行比较研究。以福建的泉州和福州为研究对象，这些地方是中国与琉球通商的琉球船只停靠港口的地方。冲绳久美村的一些氏族(蒙楚)的祖先是往来于中国和琉球之间的福建商人，最终定居在冲绳，从80年代后半期开始寻根。从那时起，他们就一直与先辈的“故乡”保持联系。有鉴于此，台湾和东南亚的华侨华人在福建寻根的努力变得流行起来。于是，按照姓氏组织了考察团，目的是从事谱系的历史研究，并接待前来寻找…的海外华人游客虽然以父系血缘为基础的同姓宗族一直是汉人的传统血缘网络，但在现代经济文化全球化的背景下，传统的寻根观念与现代网络人际关系的重建完美地结合在一起。中国与琉球的历史交流给冲绳带来了各种文化影响，表现在祭祖、扫骨、“风水”、龟背墓、“石户”、“石室”等方面。虽然研究这些文化特征的传入历史也很重要，但有必要与福建比较它们是如何在冲绳文化背景下发展到今天的。为此，本项目试图考察这些文化特色在今天福建的状况，并与冲绳的情况进行比较。在社会经济方面，对民间融资和花卉商业种植进行了实地考察。通过比较福建民间融资和冲绳民间融资的互助性和营利性，发现在福建，民间融资的重心似乎从互助性转向营利性，而在冲绳县，则以后者居多。较少

This research attempted a comparative study of the various cultural and social phenomena in the Ryukus and Fujian, two areas that have had a long history of interaction. Quanzhou and Fuzhou in Fujian were chosen as the areas of study, these being places where the Ryukyuan ships engaged in trade between China and the Ryukyus made port calls.A number of clans (munchu) in the village of Kume in Okinawa, whose ancestors were Fujian traders going back and forth between China and the Ryukyus and who eventually settled in Okinawa, began efforts to search for their roots in the latter half of the 1980s. Since then, they have maintained contacts with the "hometown" of their ancestors. In light of this, efforts by overseas Chinese in Taiwan and Southeast Asia to trace their roots in Fujian became popular. As a result, study groups were organized according to surnames with the purpose of engaging in the historical study of the lineages and hosting overseas Chinese visitors who came to search for … More their roots.While the lineages based on paternal blood relations of people with the same surname have always been a traditional kinship network of the Han Chinese, within the context of economic and cultural globalization in the modern setting, the traditional concept of searching for ancestral roots and the rebuilding of modern network personal connections combine perfectly. This has given rise to a new cultural trend of "reviving the traditional culture" under the new social conditions in Fujian, China.Historical exchange between China and the Ryukyus brought various cultural influences to Okinawa, as seen in ancestor worship, bone-cleaning, "fengshui," turtle-back graves, "ishigauto," "shisa," and so forth. Although a study of the history of the introduction of such cultural features is also important, a comparative study with Fujian of how they developed in the Okinawan cultural context up to this date is necessary. For this reason, this project attempted to look into the status of these cultural features in Fujian today and compare this with the situation in Okinawa.In the social and economic aspect, field work was done on private financing and the commercial cultivation of flowers. In a comparison of private financing called "biaohui" in Fujian and "moai" in Okinawa, which is for both mutual-help and profit-making purposes, it was found that in Fujian, the focus seems to be moving from mutual-help to profit-making, while in Okinawa, "moai" is mostly for the latter purpose. Less