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A Study on the Introduction, Diffusion and Assimilation of Chinese Influence in Okinawa Folk Culture

中国影响在冲绳民俗文化中的传入、扩散与同化研究

基本信息

批准号：
05610256
负责人：
OGUMA Makoto
金额：
$ 1.15万
依托单位：
OKINAWA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1993
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1993 至 1995
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Chinese culture has an extensive influence on Okinawan folk culture. This study examined the introduction and diffusion of the concept of fengshui (geomancy) and the munchu (lineage) system.Fengshui came to the pre-modem Ryukyus after the Ryukyuan court imported this from China Historical documents show that the Ryukyu government actively introduced fengshui notions into its policies. On several occasions during the pre-modem period, up till the beginning of the modem period, villages asked officials of the Ryukyu government to examine the fengshui of the locality. Thus, fengshui in Okinawa evolved from an aspect of the political thinking of the Ryukyu government to an integral part of collective knowledge.Even today, it is still common to look at the fengshui when building a house or a grave in Okinawa. The "ishiganto" tablets seen at street corners are also related to fengshui However, the absence of the notion of "qi" in present day Okinawan fengshui constitutes its greatest discrepancy with fengshui in China This is an issue worthy of further research.With regard to the munchu system, this has its beginnings also in the early pre-modem period. The Ryukyu government introduced this system among the shizoku (elite class) modeled on the Chinese lineage system. It started as an attempt to consolidate the social classes. The shizoku was ordered to compose their genealogical trees. These genealogical tables copied the lineage genealogies in China. and basically followed a patrilineal order. A further collectivization of families with common ancestors, and the emergence of common graves for such kin groups led to the formation of the munchu. However, while the munchu used Chinese surnames, they did not manage to adopt their underlying principles. The prohibition of intermarriage between individuals with the same surname in China was not a strictly observed taboo in Okinawa.

中国文化对冲绳民间文化有着广泛的影响。本研究考察了风水（geomancy）概念的引入和传播以及宗族（munchu）系统。近代前琉球是琉球宫廷从中国引进风水的。历史文献表明，琉球政府积极将风水理念引入政策。在近代以前，直到近代初期，村民们曾多次要求琉球政府的官员检查当地的风水。因此，冲绳的风水从琉球政府政治思想的一个方面演变为集体知识的一个组成部分。即使在今天，在冲绳建造房屋或坟墓时，仍然普遍会考虑风水。街头巷尾的石门牌也与风水有关。然而，冲绳风水中没有“气”的概念，这是它与中国风水最大的差异，这是一个值得进一步研究的问题。至于满族制度，它也开始于前现代早期。琉球政府以中国世袭制为蓝本，在精英阶层中引进了这一制度。它最初是为了巩固社会阶级。静子被命令编写他们的家谱。这些家谱表复制了中国的世系家谱。基本上遵循父系秩序。有共同祖先的家庭进一步集体化，以及这种亲属群体共同坟墓的出现，导致了munchu的形成。然而，虽然蒙楚人使用中国姓氏，但他们并没有设法采用他们的基本原则。在冲绳，中国禁止同姓的人通婚并不是严格遵守的禁忌。