A Study on the Introduction, Diffusion and Assimilation of Chinese Influence in Okinawa Folk Culture

中国文化对冲绳民俗文化有着广泛的影响。本研究考察了风水和门楚观念的传入和传播。琉球朝廷从中国那里引进风水后，风水进入了前现代琉球。历史文献表明，琉球政府积极地将风水观念引入其政策中。在前现代时期，直到近代初期，村落曾多次要求琉球政府官员检查当地的风水。因此，冲绳的风水从琉球政府政治思想的一个方面演变为集体知识的一个组成部分。即使在今天，在冲绳盖房子或建坟墓时，看风水仍然很常见。街头巷尾的“石干碑”也与风水有关，但今天冲绳风水没有“气”的概念，与中国的风水有最大的不同，这是一个值得进一步研究的问题。就门楚制度而言，这也是始于前现代时期。琉球政府仿照中国的宗族制度，在静置(精英阶层)中引入了这一制度。它一开始是为了巩固社会阶级。静国受命组成他们的族谱。这些谱表抄袭了《中国》中的族谱。基本上遵循父系秩序。共同祖先家庭的进一步集团化，以及这些亲属群体共同坟墓的出现，导致了蒙楚的形成。然而，尽管蒙楚人使用了中国人的姓氏，但他们并没有设法采纳自己的基本原则。在冲绳，禁止同姓人通婚在冲绳并不是严格遵守的禁忌。

Chinese culture has an extensive influence on Okinawan folk culture. This study examined the introduction and diffusion of the concept of fengshui (geomancy) and the munchu (lineage) system.Fengshui came to the pre-modem Ryukyus after the Ryukyuan court imported this from China Historical documents show that the Ryukyu government actively introduced fengshui notions into its policies. On several occasions during the pre-modem period, up till the beginning of the modem period, villages asked officials of the Ryukyu government to examine the fengshui of the locality. Thus, fengshui in Okinawa evolved from an aspect of the political thinking of the Ryukyu government to an integral part of collective knowledge.Even today, it is still common to look at the fengshui when building a house or a grave in Okinawa. The "ishiganto" tablets seen at street corners are also related to fengshui However, the absence of the notion of "qi" in present day Okinawan fengshui constitutes its greatest discrepancy with fengshui in China This is an issue worthy of further research.With regard to the munchu system, this has its beginnings also in the early pre-modem period. The Ryukyu government introduced this system among the shizoku (elite class) modeled on the Chinese lineage system. It started as an attempt to consolidate the social classes. The shizoku was ordered to compose their genealogical trees. These genealogical tables copied the lineage genealogies in China. and basically followed a patrilineal order. A further collectivization of families with common ancestors, and the emergence of common graves for such kin groups led to the formation of the munchu. However, while the munchu used Chinese surnames, they did not manage to adopt their underlying principles. The prohibition of intermarriage between individuals with the same surname in China was not a strictly observed taboo in Okinawa.