A Study on the Introduction, Diffusion and Assimilation of Chinese Influence in Okinawa Folk Culture

中国文化对冲绳民俗文化有着广泛的影响。本研究考察了风水观念和宗族制度的引进和传播。风水是在琉球朝廷从中国引进后传入近代琉球的。历史文献表明，琉球政府积极地将风水观念引入其政策。在前现代时期，直到现代时期开始，有几次村庄要求琉球政府官员检查当地的风水。因此，冲绳的风水从琉球政府政治思想的一个方面演变成集体知识的一个组成部分。即使在今天，在冲绳建造房屋或坟墓时，看风水仍然很常见。街头的石垣牌也与风水有关，但冲绳的风水与中国的风水最大的不同之处在于没有“气”的概念。这是一个值得深入研究的问题。至于满洲制度，也是在近代以前的早期就有了。琉球政府仿照中国的宗族制度，将这一制度引入了贵族阶层。它开始是为了巩固社会阶层。四国被命令撰写家谱。这些家谱是中国家谱的翻版。基本上遵循父系秩序。有着共同祖先的家庭进一步集体化，以及这些亲属群体的共同坟墓的出现导致了munchu的形成。然而，虽然munchu使用中国姓氏，他们没有设法采用其基本原则。在中国，禁止同姓通婚在冲绳并不是严格遵守的禁忌。

Chinese culture has an extensive influence on Okinawan folk culture. This study examined the introduction and diffusion of the concept of fengshui (geomancy) and the munchu (lineage) system.Fengshui came to the pre-modem Ryukyus after the Ryukyuan court imported this from China Historical documents show that the Ryukyu government actively introduced fengshui notions into its policies. On several occasions during the pre-modem period, up till the beginning of the modem period, villages asked officials of the Ryukyu government to examine the fengshui of the locality. Thus, fengshui in Okinawa evolved from an aspect of the political thinking of the Ryukyu government to an integral part of collective knowledge.Even today, it is still common to look at the fengshui when building a house or a grave in Okinawa. The "ishiganto" tablets seen at street corners are also related to fengshui However, the absence of the notion of "qi" in present day Okinawan fengshui constitutes its greatest discrepancy with fengshui in China This is an issue worthy of further research.With regard to the munchu system, this has its beginnings also in the early pre-modem period. The Ryukyu government introduced this system among the shizoku (elite class) modeled on the Chinese lineage system. It started as an attempt to consolidate the social classes. The shizoku was ordered to compose their genealogical trees. These genealogical tables copied the lineage genealogies in China. and basically followed a patrilineal order. A further collectivization of families with common ancestors, and the emergence of common graves for such kin groups led to the formation of the munchu. However, while the munchu used Chinese surnames, they did not manage to adopt their underlying principles. The prohibition of intermarriage between individuals with the same surname in China was not a strictly observed taboo in Okinawa.