STUDIES ON SPECIES DIVERSITY OF MICROFUNGI IN BRAZILIAN SOIL, ESPECIALLY ECOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION OF MYCOTOXIN-PRODUCING FUNGI AND OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGENIC FUNGI FOR HUMAN

从巴西9个州、27个地区采集了3932个土壤样本，用于分离条件致病真菌和真菌毒素产生真菌。在累西腓伯南布哥Catolica de伯南布哥大学，用查氏琼脂上的土壤平板法，在37℃下培养10天，分离土壤真菌。最常见的机会性致病曲霉是黄曲霉、烟曲霉菌、新椭圆曲霉、土曲霉、埃默氏菌。和Neosartorya spp.烟曲霉属(A.fumigatus)和新沙藻属(Neosartorya spp.)高度集中在潮湿地区，尤其是热带雨林。黄曲霉在半干旱区最高，新椭圆曲霉、黑曲霉和埃默氏菌最高。在干旱地区，特别是在沙漠地区，海拔很高。Neosartorya indohii和N.tsurutae已从亚马逊河流域的土壤中分离出来，并被报道为新的分类群，并对Neosartorya属的公认种进行了专著。从桑塔雷姆咖啡种植园的咖啡树上分离的咖啡豆中分离到的赭曲霉和黑曲霉为自然污染。咖啡豆中已检出赭曲霉毒素A(0.50-659.6μg/g)。所有受试菌株均能产生赭曲霉毒素A。

A total of 3932 soil samples Collected from 9 states, 27 areas in Brazil, were used for isolation of opportunistic pathogenic fungi and mycotoxin producing fungi. The soil fungi were isolated by using the soil plate method on Czapek agar, incubating the plates at 37C for 10 days at the University Catolica de Pernambuco, Recife. The most common opportunistic pathogenic Aspergilli were Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. neoellipticus, A. terreus, Emericella spp. and Neosartorya spp. The frequencies of A. fumigatus and Neosartorya spp. are hight at the wet areas, especially tropical rain forest. A. flavus is hight at the sem-dry area, and A. neoellipticus, A. niger and Emericella spp. are hight at the dry area, especially at desert area. Neosartorya indohii and N. tsurutae have been isolated from Amazonian soil and reported as new taxon, with monograph to accepted species of genus Neosartorya. Aspergillus ochraceus and species of Aspergillus section Nigri isolated from coffee beans on the coffee tree in the coffee plantation at Santarem as natural contamination. The coffee beans have been detected the ochratoxin A (0.5-659.6μg/g). All tested strains of A. ochraceus, A. awamorii, A. carbonarius, A. foetidus, A. niger and A. phoenicis were produced ochratoxin A.