STUDIES ON SPECIES DIVERSITY OF MICROFUNGI IN BRAZILIAN SOIL, ESPECIALLY ECOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION OF MYCOTOXIN-PRODUCING FUNGI AND OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGENIC FUNGI FOR HUMAN

从巴西9个州、27个地区共采集3932份土壤样品，分离条件致病真菌和产毒素真菌。在累西腓的伯南布哥天主教大学，通过在Czapek琼脂上使用土壤平板法，将平板在37 ℃下孵育10天来分离土壤真菌。最常见的条件致病性曲霉菌为黄曲霉、A. fumigatus、烟曲霉A. neoellipticus，A. terreus，Emericella spp.和Neutraltorya spp. A.烟曲霉（Neutraltorya spp.）在潮湿的地方，特别是热带雨林。A.黄曲霉在半干旱区含量较高，A. neoellipticus，A.尼日尔和Emericella spp.在干旱地区，特别是在沙漠地区，Neaptorya indohii和N. tsurutae是从亚马逊河流域的土壤中分离出来的一个新的分类单元，有关于奈氏叶蝉属的专著。从桑塔雷姆咖啡种植园的咖啡树上的咖啡豆中分离出的赭曲霉和黑曲霉组的物种作为自然污染物。咖啡豆中检出赭曲霉毒素A（0.5-659.6μg/g）。所有供试菌株均为A. ochraceus、红腹滨藜A. awamorii、泡盛草A. carbonarius、红腹拟步行虫A. foetidus、A.尼日尔和A.产赭曲霉毒素A。

A total of 3932 soil samples Collected from 9 states, 27 areas in Brazil, were used for isolation of opportunistic pathogenic fungi and mycotoxin producing fungi. The soil fungi were isolated by using the soil plate method on Czapek agar, incubating the plates at 37C for 10 days at the University Catolica de Pernambuco, Recife. The most common opportunistic pathogenic Aspergilli were Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. neoellipticus, A. terreus, Emericella spp. and Neosartorya spp. The frequencies of A. fumigatus and Neosartorya spp. are hight at the wet areas, especially tropical rain forest. A. flavus is hight at the sem-dry area, and A. neoellipticus, A. niger and Emericella spp. are hight at the dry area, especially at desert area. Neosartorya indohii and N. tsurutae have been isolated from Amazonian soil and reported as new taxon, with monograph to accepted species of genus Neosartorya. Aspergillus ochraceus and species of Aspergillus section Nigri isolated from coffee beans on the coffee tree in the coffee plantation at Santarem as natural contamination. The coffee beans have been detected the ochratoxin A (0.5-659.6μg/g). All tested strains of A. ochraceus, A. awamorii, A. carbonarius, A. foetidus, A. niger and A. phoenicis were produced ochratoxin A.