STUDIES ON SPECIES DIVERSITY OF MICROFUNGI IN BRAZILIAN SOIL, ESPECIALLY ECOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION OF MYCOTOXIN-PRODUCING FUNGI AND OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGENIC FUNGI FOR HUMAN

对巴西27个地区9个州的3932份土壤样品进行了条件致病性真菌和产霉菌毒素真菌的分离。采用Czapek琼脂土板法分离土壤真菌，在累西腓伯南布哥天主教大学37℃培养10天。最常见的条件致病性曲霉为黄曲霉、烟曲霉、新椭圆曲霉、地曲霉、Emericella spp.和Neosartorya spp.，潮湿地区尤其是热带雨林地区烟曲霉和Neosartorya spp.的出现频率较高。半干旱地区黄曲霉分布最多，干旱地区以荒漠地区居多，新椭圆霉、黑曲霉和青霉分布最多。从亚马逊地区土壤中分离到的Neosartorya indohii和N. tsurutae已被报道为新的分类单元，并对Neosartorya属的公认种有专著。从圣塔伦咖啡种植园的咖啡豆中分离出的赭曲霉和黑曲霉属的自然污染。咖啡豆被检测出赭曲霉毒素A （0.5 ~ 659.6μg/g）。所有被试菌株均产生赭曲霉毒素A，其中赭曲霉、阿瓦莫氏、炭黑、胎儿、黑曲霉和凤凰曲霉。

A total of 3932 soil samples Collected from 9 states, 27 areas in Brazil, were used for isolation of opportunistic pathogenic fungi and mycotoxin producing fungi. The soil fungi were isolated by using the soil plate method on Czapek agar, incubating the plates at 37C for 10 days at the University Catolica de Pernambuco, Recife. The most common opportunistic pathogenic Aspergilli were Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. neoellipticus, A. terreus, Emericella spp. and Neosartorya spp. The frequencies of A. fumigatus and Neosartorya spp. are hight at the wet areas, especially tropical rain forest. A. flavus is hight at the sem-dry area, and A. neoellipticus, A. niger and Emericella spp. are hight at the dry area, especially at desert area. Neosartorya indohii and N. tsurutae have been isolated from Amazonian soil and reported as new taxon, with monograph to accepted species of genus Neosartorya. Aspergillus ochraceus and species of Aspergillus section Nigri isolated from coffee beans on the coffee tree in the coffee plantation at Santarem as natural contamination. The coffee beans have been detected the ochratoxin A (0.5-659.6μg/g). All tested strains of A. ochraceus, A. awamorii, A. carbonarius, A. foetidus, A. niger and A. phoenicis were produced ochratoxin A.