Ecological study on pathogenic and toxigenic fungi in China

为了解中国地区病原真菌、致癌真菌和产真菌毒素真菌的分布情况，对北京、哈尔滨、佳木斯、济南、南京、西安和银川8个地区的1719份土壤样品进行了调查。采用查氏琼脂平板培养法分离得到曲霉菌，37ﾟC培养10d。这些真菌是从北京医科大学医学真菌研究中心分离到的，最常见的曲霉菌是黄曲霉、烟曲霉菌、新椭圆曲霉、黑曲霉、土曲霉、新红曲霉。Neosartorya spp.、E.nidulans、E.quilineata、E.ruguosa、E.undulata和一新种；Neosartorya spp.、E.nidulans、E.quilineata、E.ruguosa、E.undulata和一新种；Neosartorya spp.、E.quadeincta和N.spinos.在1112个土壤样品中(64.7%)可识别出烟曲霉菌.在采集自B…的土壤样品中，烟曲霉菌的出现频率较高北京、哈尔滨、佳木斯、济南、南京、西安、银川的阳性样本数分别为56%、68%、88%、72%、61%、85%、25%，其中黄曲霉245份(14.3%)，土曲霉538份(31.3%)，默默氏菌760份(44.2%)，蒜头霉160份(9.3%)。烟曲霉、黄曲霉、黑曲霉、在北京、哈尔滨、佳木斯、济南、南京、西安等地，土曲霉和新沙门氏菌的种类较多，湿润半干旱地区较高，银川荒漠地区较低。半干旱和荒漠地区土曲霉和新红曲霉种类较多，湿润地区较少。这些真菌毒素产生曲霉和致病曲霉菌在中国土壤中广泛分布。对70株从土壤中分离出来的蒜头霉菌株在25ﾟC的MYA培养基上进行了21天的产赭曲霉毒素A能力的检测。结果表明，产卵曲霉毒素A产生菌所有供试菌株在MYA0.8~146.1µg/ml的MYA培养液中均能产生赭曲霉毒素A。较少

In order to clarify the distribution of pathogenic fungi, carcinogenic and tremorgenic mycotoxin-producing fungi in China, we carried out a survey by using 1719 soil samples collected in eight areas, namely Beijing, Haerbin, Jiamusi, Jinan, Nanjing, Xian and Yinchuan.Aspergilli were isolated by using the soil-plate method on Czapek's agar, incubating the plates at 37ﾟC for 10 days.These fungi were isolated at Research Center Medical Mycology, Beijing Medical University, Beijing.The most common Aspergilli were Aspergillus flavus, A.fumigatus, A.neoellipticus, A.niger, A.terreus, Emericella spp., Neosartorya spp.and Petromyces alliaceus.Emericella species were identified as E.acristata, E.nidulans, E.quadrilineata, E.rugulosa, E.undulata and a new species of Emericella.Neosartorya species were identified as N.fischeri, N.glabra, E.quadeincta and N.spinosa.In 1112 of soil samples (64.7%), A.fumigatus was recognized.A higher occurrence was generally demonstrated in samples collected from B … More eijing (positive samples : 56%), Haerbin (68%), Jiamusi (88%), Jinan (72%), Nanjing (61%), Xian(85%) and Yinchuan (25%).A.flavus was recognized in 245 of these soil samples (14.3%), A.terreus in 538 of soil samples (31.3%), Emericella spp.in 760 soil samples (44.2%), and P.alliaceus in 160 soil samples (9.3%), respectively.The frequencies of A.fumigatus, A.flavus, A.niger, A.terreus and Neosartorya species were high at the Beijing, Haerbing, Jiamus, Jinan, Nanjing and Xian, namely humid and semi-arid areas while low at the desert area, Yinchuan.However, A.neoellipticus and Emericella species higher at the sem-arid and desert areas, but not so at humid areas.Namely these mycotoxin producing Aspergilli and pathogenic Aspergilli are widely distributed in soil in China.For the 70 isolates of P.alliaceus from soil their ability to produce ochratoxin A was examined on the MYA medium at 25 ﾟC for 21 days.The following ochratoxin A producers were found by HPLC.As a result, all tested strains of P.alliaceus were positive for ochratoxin A production with ranged between 0.8-146.1 mug/ml of the MYA medium. Less