Research of vancomycin resistant entercocci (VRE) of chickens and chicken farms, or hospitals in Thailand

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(1) Twenty-two VanA type vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) that had been isolated in Japan were examined for their phenotype and genotype. The VanA resistance determinant was encoded on a plasmid harbored in each of the 22 strains. Of the 22 strains, eight strains were isolated from different patients, eleven strains and 3 strains were detected from different samples of chickens imported from Thailand and France, respectively. Three of the strains that were isolated from patients and the 11 strains isolated from the Thai chickens showed high-level vancomycin resistance at MICs of 512 to 1024 μg/ml and low level teicoplanin resistance at MICs of 0.5 to 4 μg/ml. Each of these strains had three amino acid substitutions in the N-terminal region of the deduced VanS, L50 was converted to V, E54 was converted to Q, and Q69 was converted to H compared to the vanS gene sequence of Tn 1546.(2) Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) were surveyed in poultry farms that included breeder farms, … More hatcheries, and broiler farms, and chicken cloacal swabs and chicken meats in slaughter house between February and September on 2001 in Thailand. Samples of breeder farms, and broiler farms were feces of chickens of different farms, samples of hatcheries were swabs of trays for eggs of different farms, and sample of chicken meats were chicken meats. VanA type VRE were isolated from twelve (35 %) of 35 samples of 35 breeder farms, twenty eight (32 %) of 89 samples of 89 hatcheries, forty-five (14.4 %) of 321 samples of 100 broiler farms, seventy-four (25 %) of 296 samples of cloacal swabs of slaughtered chickens, and eighty-two (15.4 %) of 532 samples of chicken meats. Poultry farms were cleaned up and disinfected with glutaraldehyde. After the treatments of poultry farms, VRE were isolated from one (2 %) of 35 samples of breeder farms, four (4.6 %) of 89 samples of hatcheries, eight (2.5 %) of 321 samples broiler farms, nine (3 %) of 296 samples of cloacal swabs and seven (1.3 %) of 532 samples of chicken meats. These results indicated that VanA type VRE were isolated in many of poultry farms in Thailand and chicken meats were contaminated with VanA type VRE in slaughtered processes of chickens, and the isolation frequency of the VRE could be decreased by cleaning up and disinfecting the farms. Less