Responses of leaves and shoots to environmental variables and tree growth

叶和芽对环境变量和树木生长的反应

• 批准号: 13440231
• 负责人: TERASHIMA Ichiro
• 金额: $ 9.79万
• 依托单位: Osaka University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2003
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13440231/
• 关键词: tree; photosynthesis; water relations; tree architecture; translocation; sink vs source; cell wall; biomechanics

1.By concurrent measurements of gas exchange and carbon isotope, we established that thick mesophyll cell walls in tree leaves, in particular those of evergreen trees, is a considerable barrier to photosynthetic CO_2 diffusion.2.We clarified why sun leaves should be thicker than shade leaves. Thickness if important for increasing the surface area for CO_2 dissolution. We also found that palisade tissue cells divide periclinally in response to signal from the mature leaves. When mature leaves are exposed to high light, palisade tissue cells in developing leaves divide periclinally irrespective of the light conditions of the developing leaves.3.We described development of photosynthetic activity in the leaves of evergreen tree species. The maximum photosynthetic rate was observed well after the full leaf expansion.4.We analyzed behavior of the bulk elastic modules, an important parameter for determining water relations, in mature tree leaves. Bulk elastic modules decreased in response to water stress so that cell turgor was maintained. These changes were reversible and quicker than changes in osmotic potential.5.We applied the pipe model theory in the derivative form to describe tree growth. Light interception and long and short shoot differentiation are important determinants of thickness growth of the trees.

1.通过对气体交换和碳同位素的同步测定，我们证实了树木叶片，特别是万年青树木叶片中厚的叶肉细胞壁是光合CO_2扩散的一个相当大的障碍。厚度对于增加CO_2溶解的表面积是重要的。我们还发现栅栏组织细胞响应成熟叶片的信号进行平周分裂。成熟叶片在强光照射下，发育中叶片的栅栏组织细胞发生平周分裂，与发育中叶片的光照条件无关。叶片展开后光合速率最大。4.分析了确定水分关系的重要参数--体积弹性模量在成熟叶片中的变化规律。体积弹性模量下降响应于水分胁迫，使细胞膨压维持。这些变化是可逆的，并且比渗透势的变化快。5.我们应用管道模型理论的导数形式来描述树木的生长。光截获和长短枝分化是决定林木粗生长的重要因素。

项目成果

Terashima, I., Miyazawa, S., Hanba, Y.T.: "Why are sun leaves thicker than shade leaves? - Consideration based on analyses of CO_2 diffusion in the leaf."Journal of Plant Research. 114. 93-105 (2001)

Terashima, I.、Miyazawa, S.、Hanba, Y.T.：“为什么向阳叶子比遮荫叶子厚？ - 基于叶子中 CO_2 扩散分析的考虑。”《植物研究杂志》。

Saito, T, Terashima I: "Reversible decreases in the bulk elastic modulus of mature leaves of deciduous Quercus species subjected to two drought treatments."Plant Cell and Environment. 27(In press). (2004)

Saito, T, Terashima I：“落叶栎属物种成熟叶子的体积弹性模量在经历两次干旱处理后出现可逆下降。”植物细胞与环境。

Miyazawa, S.-I., Suzuki, A., Sone, K., Terashima, I.: "Relationship between light and leaf nitrogen as affected by nitrogen remobilization in the crowns of mature evergreen trees, Quercus glauca"Tree Physiology. (In press). (2004)

Miyazawa, S.-I.、Suzuki, A.、Sone, K.、Terashima, I.：“光与叶氮之间的关系受成熟常绿树青冈栎树冠氮再动员的影响”树木生理学。

Hanba, Y.T., Miyazawa, S.-I., Kogami, H., Terashima, I.: "Effects of leaf age on internal CO2 transfer conductance and photosynthesis in tree species having different types of shoot phenology."Australian Journal of Plant Physiology. 28. 1075-1084 (2001)

Hanba, Y.T.、Miyazawa, S.-I.、Kogami, H.、Terashima, I.：“叶龄对具有不同芽物候类型的树种的内部 CO2 传输电导和光合作用的影响。”澳大利亚植物生理学杂志

Miyazawa, S.-I., Makino, A.Terashima, I.: "Changes in mesophyll anatomy and sink-source relationships during leaf development in Quercus glauca, an evergreen tree showing delayed leaf greening."Plant Cell and Environment. 26. 745-755 (2003)

Miyazawa, S.-I.、Makino, A.Terashima, I.：“青栎（一种常绿树种，叶子绿化延迟）叶片发育过程中叶肉解剖结构和库-源关系的变化。”植物细胞与环境。