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大腿骨頸部骨折防止用個体別ヒッププロテクターに関する生体力学的研究

预防股骨颈骨折的个体化髋部保护器的生物力学研究

基本信息

批准号：
13450044
负责人：
TANAKA Eiichi
金额：
$ 9.79万
依托单位：
Nagoya University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The objective of this study is to prevent hip fracture which is frequently observed in a fall accident of elderly people and is increasing the number of cases. On this research project, we have discussed the biomechanical requirements for design of hip protector, which is one of the effective methods for hip fracture prevention, and constructed a new individual finite element modeling system for femur which is applicable to a preventive diagnosis for hip fracture and designing hip pads for individual persons.Firstly, we developed a fall simulation system to discuss the mechanism of hip fracture. We evaluated effects of load direction, morphology of femur and osteoporosis on hip fracture using this simulation system and clarified the relationship between the risk of fracture and individual anatomical characteristics, and boundary conditions of fall. We also discussed the effects of the material and structure of hip pad on the impact attenuation properties. Next we developed an individual finite element modeling system for femur based on image-based modeling technology using CT images. This modeling system is adopted the mapped-mesh method to construct a finite element model for individual femur easily. To apply the system to many types of femur, we constructed a database which consists of block models for femora with various neck angle and neck length. By choosing an adequate block model from the database, we can reconstruct an accurate morphology quickly. Some models constructed by the system was validated with comparing simulation results with those of fracture experiments using femur specimens. The site of stress concentration agreed with the fracture site and the simulation results of directions and values of principal strains were similar with experimental results. Thus we confirmed the accuracy of the simulation system.

这项研究的目的是预防髋部骨折，这是老年人跌倒事故中常见的，而且病例数量正在增加。在本研究项目中，我们讨论了髋部骨折预防的有效方法之一--髋部护具设计的生物力学要求，构建了一种新的适用于髋部骨折预防性诊断和个人髋部护垫设计的个性化股骨有限元建模系统。使用该模拟系统评估了载荷方向、股骨形态和骨质疏松对髋部骨折的影响，阐明了骨折风险与个体解剖特征和跌倒边界条件的关系。还讨论了髋垫的材料和结构对冲击衰减性能的影响。接下来，我们开发了一个基于CT图像的基于图像建模技术的股骨个性化有限元建模系统。该建模系统采用映射网格法，可以方便地建立单个股骨的有限元模型。为了将该系统应用于多种类型的股骨，我们建立了一个由不同颈角和颈长的股骨块模型组成的数据库。通过从数据库中选择合适的块模型，我们可以快速重建出准确的形态。通过将模拟结果与骨折实验结果进行比较，验证了该系统建立的部分模型的有效性。应力集中部位与断裂部位吻合，主应变方向和数值的模拟结果与实验结果基本一致。从而验证了仿真系统的准确性。