Redaction and Tradition History of the Oracles concerning Egypt in Ez 29-32

虽然以西结书是当前希伯来圣经研究中非常关注的主题，但迄今为止，以西结书29-32章关于埃及的神谕研究得非常少。两个特别需要的研究是拟议项目的起点：1)关于Ez 29-32的文学和编修历史，迄今为止主要是对Ez 29-32的选定部分进行小规模研究。它们表明文本语料库有着漫长而复杂的文学史。然而，缺乏的是一个全面的历时分析，将以西结书29-32作为一个整体，并将结果与以西结书的编修和组成历史联系起来。2)先前对以西结书29-32可能的古代东方背景的研究揭示了大量的古代东方，特别是埃及的传统，但几乎没有考虑到文本的历时文学史。虽然目前的文学史研究假设以西结书的传播和修订时间很长，从6世纪一直到希腊化时期，但有关以西结书29-32章主题的传统历史背景的研究大多依赖于文本本身给出的日期，假设它们起源于公元前6世纪上半叶。然而，这个年代排除了一些潜在的背景，因为圣经之外的影响是先验的。因此，直到今天，研究都只关注公元前三千年和公元前二千年的埃及材料，而埃及晚期的材料，特别是波斯和托勒密时期的材料，并没有被考虑在内。当然，这不仅是由于对埃及神谕年代的假设，而且部分原因是，这些有问题的晚期材料直到最近才成为埃及学研究的焦点。这里提出的研究项目通过将Ez 29-32作为详细调查的对象，将文本的历时文学史研究和可能的埃及影响研究交织在一起，解决了这些问题和愿望。在这方面，该项目在两个方面具有创新性：一方面，对圣经外影响的研究始终与文本的历时文学史联系在一起。另一方面，埃及学领域最近才获得的新材料也被考虑在内。因此，这个项目也可以为一般的以西结书的研究开辟新的途径。可行的假设是，晚期埃及思想和传统的影响更大，尤其是在埃及神谕的年轻文学水平上，部分甚至可以追溯到托勒密时期。

While the book of Ezekiel is the subject of great attention in current research on the Hebrew Bible, the oracles concerning Egypt in Ez 29–32 have been remarkably little studied to date. Two research desiderata in particular are the starting point of the proposed project:1) Concerning the literary and redaction history of Ez 29–32, there are to date mainly small-scale studies on selected parts of Ez 29–32. They suggest a long and complex literary history for the text corpus. What is lacking, however, is a comprehensive diachronic analysis that examines Ez 29–32 as a whole and links the results with the redaction and composition history of the book of Ezekiel. 2) Previous research on the possible ancient oriental background of Ez 29–32 has unveiled extensive references to ancient oriental, especially Egyptian, traditions, but has hardly ever taken into account the diachronic literary history of the texts. While current literary historical research assumes a long period of transmission and redaction for the book of Ezekiel that reaches from the 6th century up to the Hellenistic period, studies concerned with the tradition-historical background of the motifs in Ez 29–32 mostly rely on the dates given in the texts themselves, assuming their origin in the first half of the 6th century BC. This dating, however, excludes some potential contexts for the question of extra-biblical influences a priori. Thus, research has until today exclusively focused on Egyptian material from the 3rd and 2nd millennium B.C., while material from Late Period Egypt, especially the Persian and Ptolemaic periods, has not been taken into account. Of course, this was not only due to assumptions regarding the dating of the Egypt oracles, but partly also to the fact that the Late Period material in question has only recently become the focus of interest in Egyptological research.The research project proposed here addresses these problems and desiderata by making Ez 29–32 the object of a detailed investigation that intertwines the study the diachronic literary history of the texts and the study of possible Egyptian influences. In this, the project is innovative in two ways: on the one hand, the study of extra-biblical influence is consistently linked back to the diachronic literary history of the texts. On the other hand, new material that has only recently been made accessible in the field of Egyptology is taken into account. The project can, thus, also open new avenues for the study of the book of Ezekiel in general.The working hypothesis is that a stronger influence of late Egyptian ideas and traditions can be found especially on younger literary levels of the Egypt oracles which partly even date as late as the Ptolemaic period.