Construction of gene-databank based on the analysis of genetic variation of populations of Quercus see. Prinus in Japan.

阔叶落叶林是日本重要的遗传资源。本研究旨在阐明栎属（Quercus, pius）四种日本栎的遗传结构，它们是上述森林的重要组成部分。将DMA材料和本研究获得的数据整合到基因数据库中，为遗传信息的利用服务。本研究在日本和中国、韩国和俄罗斯的部分地区采集了蒙古栎550份、锯齿栎80份、美洲栎40份和齿齿栎35份。我们还采集了油fagus crenata样品488份。我们测定了栎树叶绿体DNA的5000 bp区域的序列，并在栎树种中发现了11个单倍型。所有的物种在相同的位置具有共同的单倍型，表明物种之间发生了遗传渐渗。这些单倍型主要分布在日本东北部和西南部。在国外样品中发现的单倍型表明，在过去的冰期，东北的人通过库页岛迁移，西南的人通过朝鲜半岛迁移。这一发现表明这两组人经历了不同的适应过程。为了证实这一点，我们从具有代表性的单倍型中克隆了蛋氨酸合成酶基因，发现了两个分化程度较高的基因α和β。我们测试了这些基因的中性，并发现了一些证据，表明不同类型的自然选择对这些基因的作用取决于基因被发现的位置。

Broad leaf deciduous forest is important genetic resources in Japan. This study aimed at clarifying the genetic structure of four Japanese oak species belonging to the genus Quercus, subsection Prinus which are important componets of above mentioned forest. DMA materials and the data obtained in this study were integrated into a gene-data-bank to serve for utilizing genetic information.In this study we collected 550 Q. mongolica, 80 Q. serrata, 40 Q. aliena and 35 Q. dentata samples from all over Japan and some places in China, Korea, and Russia. We also collected 488 samples of Fagus crenata. We determined sequences of a total of 5,000 bp regions of chloroplast DNA and found 11 haplotypes in the Quercus species. All the species possessed common haplotypes at the same locations, suggesting introgression had occurred among the species. These haplotypes were devided into two main groups in the northeast and the southwest part of Japan. Haplotypes found in the foreign samples indicated that those in northeast migrated via Sakhalin and those in southwest migrated via the Korean Peninsula during the past glacial ages. This finding suggests that these two groups experienced different adaptive process. In order lo confirm this, we cloned methionine synthase gene from the representative haplolypes and found two largely differentiated genes, α and β. We tested neutrality of these genes and found some evidence that different type of natural selection had operated on these genes depend on the location where genes arc found.